Rigler's triad: Difference between revisions
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[[File:Rigler' | {{SI}} | ||
{{Infobox medical condition | |||
| name = Rigler's triad | |||
| image = [[File:Rigler's_Triad.jpg|250px]] | |||
| caption = Radiographic image showing Rigler's triad | |||
| synonyms = | |||
| specialty = [[Gastroenterology]], [[Radiology]] | |||
| symptoms = [[Pneumobilia]], [[Small bowel obstruction]], [[Gallstone]] in the intestinal tract | |||
| complications = [[Bowel perforation]], [[Sepsis]] | |||
| onset = | |||
| duration = | |||
| causes = [[Gallstone ileus]] | |||
| risks = | |||
| diagnosis = [[Abdominal X-ray]], [[CT scan]] | |||
| differential = [[Intestinal obstruction]], [[Cholecystitis]] | |||
| prevention = | |||
| treatment = [[Surgical intervention]] | |||
| medication = | |||
| prognosis = | |||
| frequency = Rare | |||
| deaths = | |||
}} | |||
'''Rigler's triad''' is a set of three radiographic findings that are indicative of [[gallstone ileus]], a rare form of [[bowel obstruction]]. The triad is named after the American radiologist [[Leo George Rigler]], who first described it. | |||
==Components of Rigler's Triad== | ==Components of Rigler's Triad== | ||
Rigler's triad consists of the following three findings on an [[abdominal X-ray]] or [[CT scan]]: | Rigler's triad consists of the following three findings on an [[abdominal X-ray]] or [[CT scan]]: | ||
| Line 6: | Line 27: | ||
# [[Small bowel obstruction]]: Evidence of obstruction in the [[small intestine]], which can be identified by dilated loops of bowel and air-fluid levels. | # [[Small bowel obstruction]]: Evidence of obstruction in the [[small intestine]], which can be identified by dilated loops of bowel and air-fluid levels. | ||
# [[Ectopic gallstone]]: The presence of a gallstone outside the [[gallbladder]], typically within the intestinal lumen, which is the cause of the obstruction. | # [[Ectopic gallstone]]: The presence of a gallstone outside the [[gallbladder]], typically within the intestinal lumen, which is the cause of the obstruction. | ||
==Pathophysiology== | ==Pathophysiology== | ||
[[Gallstone ileus]] occurs when a large [[gallstone]] erodes through the wall of the [[gallbladder]] into the adjacent [[gastrointestinal tract]], usually the [[duodenum]]. This creates a [[cholecystoenteric fistula]], allowing the gallstone to pass into the intestines. If the gallstone is large enough, it can become lodged in the [[small intestine]], leading to obstruction. | [[Gallstone ileus]] occurs when a large [[gallstone]] erodes through the wall of the [[gallbladder]] into the adjacent [[gastrointestinal tract]], usually the [[duodenum]]. This creates a [[cholecystoenteric fistula]], allowing the gallstone to pass into the intestines. If the gallstone is large enough, it can become lodged in the [[small intestine]], leading to obstruction. | ||
==Diagnosis== | ==Diagnosis== | ||
The diagnosis of [[gallstone ileus]] is often challenging due to its nonspecific symptoms, which can include [[abdominal pain]], [[nausea]], and [[vomiting]]. [[Rigler's triad]] is a crucial diagnostic tool that can help identify the condition on imaging studies. A high index of suspicion is necessary, especially in elderly patients with a history of [[gallstones]]. | The diagnosis of [[gallstone ileus]] is often challenging due to its nonspecific symptoms, which can include [[abdominal pain]], [[nausea]], and [[vomiting]]. [[Rigler's triad]] is a crucial diagnostic tool that can help identify the condition on imaging studies. A high index of suspicion is necessary, especially in elderly patients with a history of [[gallstones]]. | ||
==Treatment== | ==Treatment== | ||
The treatment of [[gallstone ileus]] typically involves surgical intervention to relieve the obstruction. This may include: | The treatment of [[gallstone ileus]] typically involves surgical intervention to relieve the obstruction. This may include: | ||
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* Cholecystectomy: Removal of the gallbladder, which may be performed at the same time as the enterolithotomy or as a separate procedure. | * Cholecystectomy: Removal of the gallbladder, which may be performed at the same time as the enterolithotomy or as a separate procedure. | ||
* Repair of the cholecystoenteric fistula. | * Repair of the cholecystoenteric fistula. | ||
==Prognosis== | ==Prognosis== | ||
The prognosis of [[gallstone ileus]] depends on several factors, including the patient's overall health, the size and location of the gallstone, and the presence of any complications such as [[peritonitis]] or [[sepsis]]. Early diagnosis and prompt surgical intervention are critical for improving outcomes. | The prognosis of [[gallstone ileus]] depends on several factors, including the patient's overall health, the size and location of the gallstone, and the presence of any complications such as [[peritonitis]] or [[sepsis]]. Early diagnosis and prompt surgical intervention are critical for improving outcomes. | ||
==See also== | ==See also== | ||
* [[Gallstone]] | * [[Gallstone]] | ||
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* [[Pneumobilia]] | * [[Pneumobilia]] | ||
* [[Cholecystoenteric fistula]] | * [[Cholecystoenteric fistula]] | ||
==References== | ==References== | ||
{{Reflist}} | {{Reflist}} | ||
==External links== | ==External links== | ||
{{Commons category|Gallstone ileus}} | {{Commons category|Gallstone ileus}} | ||
[[Category:Gastroenterology]] | [[Category:Gastroenterology]] | ||
[[Category:Radiology]] | [[Category:Radiology]] | ||
[[Category:Syndromes]] | [[Category:Syndromes]] | ||
{{syndrome-stub}} | {{syndrome-stub}} | ||
Latest revision as of 18:17, 8 April 2025
Editor-In-Chief: Prab R Tumpati, MD
Obesity, Sleep & Internal medicine
Founder, WikiMD Wellnesspedia &
W8MD medical weight loss NYC and sleep center NYC
| Rigler's triad | |
|---|---|
| |
| Synonyms | |
| Pronounce | N/A |
| Specialty | Gastroenterology, Radiology |
| Symptoms | Pneumobilia, Small bowel obstruction, Gallstone in the intestinal tract |
| Complications | Bowel perforation, Sepsis |
| Onset | |
| Duration | |
| Types | N/A |
| Causes | Gallstone ileus |
| Risks | |
| Diagnosis | Abdominal X-ray, CT scan |
| Differential diagnosis | Intestinal obstruction, Cholecystitis |
| Prevention | |
| Treatment | Surgical intervention |
| Medication | |
| Prognosis | |
| Frequency | Rare |
| Deaths | |
Rigler's triad is a set of three radiographic findings that are indicative of gallstone ileus, a rare form of bowel obstruction. The triad is named after the American radiologist Leo George Rigler, who first described it.
Components of Rigler's Triad[edit]
Rigler's triad consists of the following three findings on an abdominal X-ray or CT scan:
- Pneumobilia: The presence of air within the biliary tree, which is indicative of an abnormal connection between the gastrointestinal tract and the biliary system.
- Small bowel obstruction: Evidence of obstruction in the small intestine, which can be identified by dilated loops of bowel and air-fluid levels.
- Ectopic gallstone: The presence of a gallstone outside the gallbladder, typically within the intestinal lumen, which is the cause of the obstruction.
Pathophysiology[edit]
Gallstone ileus occurs when a large gallstone erodes through the wall of the gallbladder into the adjacent gastrointestinal tract, usually the duodenum. This creates a cholecystoenteric fistula, allowing the gallstone to pass into the intestines. If the gallstone is large enough, it can become lodged in the small intestine, leading to obstruction.
Diagnosis[edit]
The diagnosis of gallstone ileus is often challenging due to its nonspecific symptoms, which can include abdominal pain, nausea, and vomiting. Rigler's triad is a crucial diagnostic tool that can help identify the condition on imaging studies. A high index of suspicion is necessary, especially in elderly patients with a history of gallstones.
Treatment[edit]
The treatment of gallstone ileus typically involves surgical intervention to relieve the obstruction. This may include:
- Enterolithotomy: Surgical removal of the gallstone from the intestine.
- Cholecystectomy: Removal of the gallbladder, which may be performed at the same time as the enterolithotomy or as a separate procedure.
- Repair of the cholecystoenteric fistula.
Prognosis[edit]
The prognosis of gallstone ileus depends on several factors, including the patient's overall health, the size and location of the gallstone, and the presence of any complications such as peritonitis or sepsis. Early diagnosis and prompt surgical intervention are critical for improving outcomes.
See also[edit]
References[edit]
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External links[edit]
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