Piebaldism: Difference between revisions
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{{Infobox medical condition | |||
| name = Piebaldism | |||
| image = [[File:Illu_skin02.jpg|250px]] | |||
| caption = Illustration of skin showing areas affected by piebaldism | |||
| synonyms = Congenital leukoderma | |||
| pronounce = | |||
| specialty = [[Dermatology]], [[Genetics]] | |||
| symptoms = [[Hypopigmentation]] of the skin and hair | |||
| onset = [[Congenital]] | |||
| duration = Lifelong | |||
| causes = [[Genetic mutation]] in the [[KIT gene]] | |||
| risks = | |||
| diagnosis = [[Clinical diagnosis]], [[Genetic testing]] | |||
| differential = [[Vitiligo]], [[Waardenburg syndrome]] | |||
| treatment = [[Cosmetic camouflage]], [[Skin grafting]] | |||
| medication = | |||
| frequency = Rare | |||
| deaths = | |||
}} | |||
{{Short description|A rare genetic disorder characterized by the absence of melanocytes in certain areas of the skin and hair}} | {{Short description|A rare genetic disorder characterized by the absence of melanocytes in certain areas of the skin and hair}} | ||
'''Piebaldism''' is a rare [[genetic disorder]] characterized by the absence of [[melanocytes]] in certain areas of the [[skin]] and [[hair]], leading to patches of unpigmented skin and hair. This condition is present from birth and is typically inherited in an [[autosomal dominant]] pattern. | '''Piebaldism''' is a rare [[genetic disorder]] characterized by the absence of [[melanocytes]] in certain areas of the [[skin]] and [[hair]], leading to patches of unpigmented skin and hair. This condition is present from birth and is typically inherited in an [[autosomal dominant]] pattern. | ||
== Genetics == | == Genetics == | ||
Piebaldism is caused by mutations in the [[KIT gene]], which plays a crucial role in the development and migration of melanocytes during embryonic development. The KIT gene provides instructions for making a protein that is involved in signaling pathways that control cell functions such as growth and division. Mutations in this gene disrupt the normal development of melanocytes, leading to the characteristic patches of depigmented skin and hair. | Piebaldism is caused by mutations in the [[KIT gene]], which plays a crucial role in the development and migration of melanocytes during embryonic development. The KIT gene provides instructions for making a protein that is involved in signaling pathways that control cell functions such as growth and division. Mutations in this gene disrupt the normal development of melanocytes, leading to the characteristic patches of depigmented skin and hair. | ||
== Clinical Features == | == Clinical Features == | ||
Individuals with piebaldism typically have a white forelock of hair, which is a patch of white hair near the front of the scalp. Other areas of the body may also have patches of depigmented skin, most commonly on the forehead, chest, abdomen, and extremities. The borders of these patches are usually well-defined, and the condition does not change significantly over time. | Individuals with piebaldism typically have a white forelock of hair, which is a patch of white hair near the front of the scalp. Other areas of the body may also have patches of depigmented skin, most commonly on the forehead, chest, abdomen, and extremities. The borders of these patches are usually well-defined, and the condition does not change significantly over time. | ||
== Diagnosis == | == Diagnosis == | ||
The diagnosis of piebaldism is primarily clinical, based on the characteristic appearance of the skin and hair. Genetic testing can confirm the diagnosis by identifying mutations in the KIT gene. It is important to differentiate piebaldism from other conditions that cause depigmentation, such as [[vitiligo]] or [[Waardenburg syndrome]]. | The diagnosis of piebaldism is primarily clinical, based on the characteristic appearance of the skin and hair. Genetic testing can confirm the diagnosis by identifying mutations in the KIT gene. It is important to differentiate piebaldism from other conditions that cause depigmentation, such as [[vitiligo]] or [[Waardenburg syndrome]]. | ||
== Management == | == Management == | ||
There is no cure for piebaldism, but management focuses on protecting depigmented areas from [[sunburn]] and [[skin cancer]]. Individuals with piebaldism are advised to use [[sunscreen]] and wear protective clothing when exposed to sunlight. Cosmetic options, such as [[makeup]] or [[hair dye]], can be used to cover depigmented areas if desired. | There is no cure for piebaldism, but management focuses on protecting depigmented areas from [[sunburn]] and [[skin cancer]]. Individuals with piebaldism are advised to use [[sunscreen]] and wear protective clothing when exposed to sunlight. Cosmetic options, such as [[makeup]] or [[hair dye]], can be used to cover depigmented areas if desired. | ||
== Related Conditions == | == Related Conditions == | ||
Piebaldism should be distinguished from other conditions that affect pigmentation, such as: | Piebaldism should be distinguished from other conditions that affect pigmentation, such as: | ||
| Line 22: | Line 34: | ||
* [[Albinism]] | * [[Albinism]] | ||
* [[Waardenburg syndrome]] | * [[Waardenburg syndrome]] | ||
== See also == | |||
== | |||
* [[Melanocyte]] | * [[Melanocyte]] | ||
* [[Genetic disorder]] | * [[Genetic disorder]] | ||
* [[Autosomal dominant]] | * [[Autosomal dominant]] | ||
* [[KIT gene]] | * [[KIT gene]] | ||
[[Category:Genetic disorders]] | [[Category:Genetic disorders]] | ||
[[Category:Dermatology]] | [[Category:Dermatology]] | ||
Latest revision as of 15:55, 8 April 2025
Editor-In-Chief: Prab R Tumpati, MD
Obesity, Sleep & Internal medicine
Founder, WikiMD Wellnesspedia &
W8MD medical weight loss NYC and sleep center NYC
| Piebaldism | |
|---|---|
| |
| Synonyms | Congenital leukoderma |
| Pronounce | |
| Specialty | Dermatology, Genetics |
| Symptoms | Hypopigmentation of the skin and hair |
| Complications | N/A |
| Onset | Congenital |
| Duration | Lifelong |
| Types | N/A |
| Causes | Genetic mutation in the KIT gene |
| Risks | |
| Diagnosis | Clinical diagnosis, Genetic testing |
| Differential diagnosis | Vitiligo, Waardenburg syndrome |
| Prevention | N/A |
| Treatment | Cosmetic camouflage, Skin grafting |
| Medication | |
| Prognosis | N/A |
| Frequency | Rare |
| Deaths | |
A rare genetic disorder characterized by the absence of melanocytes in certain areas of the skin and hair
Piebaldism is a rare genetic disorder characterized by the absence of melanocytes in certain areas of the skin and hair, leading to patches of unpigmented skin and hair. This condition is present from birth and is typically inherited in an autosomal dominant pattern.
Genetics[edit]
Piebaldism is caused by mutations in the KIT gene, which plays a crucial role in the development and migration of melanocytes during embryonic development. The KIT gene provides instructions for making a protein that is involved in signaling pathways that control cell functions such as growth and division. Mutations in this gene disrupt the normal development of melanocytes, leading to the characteristic patches of depigmented skin and hair.
Clinical Features[edit]
Individuals with piebaldism typically have a white forelock of hair, which is a patch of white hair near the front of the scalp. Other areas of the body may also have patches of depigmented skin, most commonly on the forehead, chest, abdomen, and extremities. The borders of these patches are usually well-defined, and the condition does not change significantly over time.
Diagnosis[edit]
The diagnosis of piebaldism is primarily clinical, based on the characteristic appearance of the skin and hair. Genetic testing can confirm the diagnosis by identifying mutations in the KIT gene. It is important to differentiate piebaldism from other conditions that cause depigmentation, such as vitiligo or Waardenburg syndrome.
Management[edit]
There is no cure for piebaldism, but management focuses on protecting depigmented areas from sunburn and skin cancer. Individuals with piebaldism are advised to use sunscreen and wear protective clothing when exposed to sunlight. Cosmetic options, such as makeup or hair dye, can be used to cover depigmented areas if desired.
Related Conditions[edit]
Piebaldism should be distinguished from other conditions that affect pigmentation, such as:
