Panic disorder: Difference between revisions
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{{Infobox medical condition | |||
| name = Panic disorder | |||
| image = [[File:Panic_attack.jpg|250px]] | |||
| caption = A person experiencing a panic attack | |||
| field = [[Psychiatry]] | |||
| symptoms = [[Palpitations]], [[sweating]], [[trembling]], [[shortness of breath]], [[nausea]], [[dizziness]], [[fear of losing control]], [[fear of dying]] | |||
| onset = Typically in [[adulthood]] | |||
| duration = [[Chronic condition|Chronic]] | |||
| causes = [[Genetic predisposition]], [[stress]], [[trauma]] | |||
| risks = [[Family history]], [[substance abuse]], [[major life stress]] | |||
| diagnosis = Based on [[clinical assessment]] and [[DSM-5]] criteria | |||
| differential = [[Hyperthyroidism]], [[cardiac arrhythmia]], [[substance-induced anxiety disorder]] | |||
| treatment = [[Cognitive behavioral therapy]], [[medication]] ([[SSRIs]], [[benzodiazepines]]) | |||
| prognosis = Variable; can be managed with treatment | |||
| frequency = Affects about 2-3% of the population | |||
}} | |||
'''Panic disorder''' is a type of [[Anxiety disorder|anxiety disorder]] characterized by sudden and recurrent bouts of intense fear, known as panic attacks, that can be seemingly triggered without an identifiable cause. | '''Panic disorder''' is a type of [[Anxiety disorder|anxiety disorder]] characterized by sudden and recurrent bouts of intense fear, known as panic attacks, that can be seemingly triggered without an identifiable cause. | ||
[[File:Panic attack.jpg|thumb|Panic attack]] | [[File:Panic attack.jpg|left|thumb|Panic attack]] | ||
== | == Introduction == | ||
Individuals with panic disorder experience abrupt surges of intense fear or discomfort that peak within minutes. These episodes, referred to as panic attacks, can happen at any time, often without a clear trigger, leading to worry about their recurrence. | Individuals with panic disorder experience abrupt surges of intense fear or discomfort that peak within minutes. These episodes, referred to as panic attacks, can happen at any time, often without a clear trigger, leading to worry about their recurrence. | ||
== Symptoms == | == Symptoms == | ||
*Symptoms of a panic attack typically involve intense fear and at least four or more of the following: | *Symptoms of a panic attack typically involve intense fear and at least four or more of the following: | ||
| Line 18: | Line 34: | ||
*Numbness or tingling sensations (paresthesia) | *Numbness or tingling sensations (paresthesia) | ||
*Chills or hot flashes | *Chills or hot flashes | ||
== Causes and Risk Factors == | == Causes and Risk Factors == | ||
The exact cause of panic disorder is unclear, but it's believed to be a combination of genetic, environmental, and psychological factors. Risk factors may include a family history of anxiety disorders, major life stressors, certain changes in brain function, and temperament. | The exact cause of panic disorder is unclear, but it's believed to be a combination of genetic, environmental, and psychological factors. Risk factors may include a family history of anxiety disorders, major life stressors, certain changes in brain function, and temperament. | ||
== Diagnosis == | == Diagnosis == | ||
Diagnosis involves a comprehensive assessment that includes a medical examination, personal and family medical history, and psychological evaluation. The [[Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders|DSM-5]] criteria are often used to diagnose panic disorder. | Diagnosis involves a comprehensive assessment that includes a medical examination, personal and family medical history, and psychological evaluation. The [[Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders|DSM-5]] criteria are often used to diagnose panic disorder. | ||
== Treatment == | == Treatment == | ||
Treatment typically involves a combination of [[Psychotherapy|psychotherapy]] (particularly [[Cognitive Behavioral Therapy|cognitive-behavioral therapy]] (CBT)) and medication. Medications such as [[Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors|SSRIs]], [[Benzodiazepine|benzodiazepines]], and [[Serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors|SNRIs]] may be used. | Treatment typically involves a combination of [[Psychotherapy|psychotherapy]] (particularly [[Cognitive Behavioral Therapy|cognitive-behavioral therapy]] (CBT)) and medication. Medications such as [[Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors|SSRIs]], [[Benzodiazepine|benzodiazepines]], and [[Serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors|SNRIs]] may be used. | ||
== Prognosis == | == Prognosis == | ||
With proper treatment, most people with panic disorder can lead fulfilling lives. However, panic disorder is a chronic condition that may ebb and flow over time. | With proper treatment, most people with panic disorder can lead fulfilling lives. However, panic disorder is a chronic condition that may ebb and flow over time. | ||
== References == | == References == | ||
<references> | <references> | ||
Revision as of 15:37, 8 April 2025
Editor-In-Chief: Prab R Tumpati, MD
Obesity, Sleep & Internal medicine
Founder, WikiMD Wellnesspedia &
W8MD's medical weight loss NYC, sleep center NYC
Philadelphia medical weight loss and Philadelphia sleep clinics
| Panic disorder | |
|---|---|
| |
| Synonyms | N/A |
| Pronounce | N/A |
| Specialty | N/A |
| Symptoms | Palpitations, sweating, trembling, shortness of breath, nausea, dizziness, fear of losing control, fear of dying |
| Complications | N/A |
| Onset | Typically in adulthood |
| Duration | Chronic |
| Types | N/A |
| Causes | Genetic predisposition, stress, trauma |
| Risks | Family history, substance abuse, major life stress |
| Diagnosis | Based on clinical assessment and DSM-5 criteria |
| Differential diagnosis | Hyperthyroidism, cardiac arrhythmia, substance-induced anxiety disorder |
| Prevention | N/A |
| Treatment | Cognitive behavioral therapy, medication (SSRIs, benzodiazepines) |
| Medication | N/A |
| Prognosis | Variable; can be managed with treatment |
| Frequency | Affects about 2-3% of the population |
| Deaths | N/A |
Panic disorder is a type of anxiety disorder characterized by sudden and recurrent bouts of intense fear, known as panic attacks, that can be seemingly triggered without an identifiable cause.
Introduction
Individuals with panic disorder experience abrupt surges of intense fear or discomfort that peak within minutes. These episodes, referred to as panic attacks, can happen at any time, often without a clear trigger, leading to worry about their recurrence.
Symptoms
- Symptoms of a panic attack typically involve intense fear and at least four or more of the following:
- Palpitations, pounding heart, or accelerated heart rate
- Sweating
- Trembling or shaking
- Sensations of shortness of breath or smothering
- Feelings of choking
- Chest pain or discomfort
- Nausea or abdominal distress
- Feeling dizzy, unsteady, lightheaded, or faint
- Fear of losing control or going insane
- Fear of dying
- Numbness or tingling sensations (paresthesia)
- Chills or hot flashes
Causes and Risk Factors
The exact cause of panic disorder is unclear, but it's believed to be a combination of genetic, environmental, and psychological factors. Risk factors may include a family history of anxiety disorders, major life stressors, certain changes in brain function, and temperament.
Diagnosis
Diagnosis involves a comprehensive assessment that includes a medical examination, personal and family medical history, and psychological evaluation. The DSM-5 criteria are often used to diagnose panic disorder.
Treatment
Treatment typically involves a combination of psychotherapy (particularly cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT)) and medication. Medications such as SSRIs, benzodiazepines, and SNRIs may be used.
Prognosis
With proper treatment, most people with panic disorder can lead fulfilling lives. However, panic disorder is a chronic condition that may ebb and flow over time.
References
<references>
- American Psychiatric Association. (2013). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (5th ed.). Arlington, VA: American Psychiatric Publishing.
- Bandelow B, Michaelis S. Epidemiology of anxiety disorders in the 21st century. Dialogues Clin Neurosci. 2015;17(3):327-335.
- Saeed SA, Bloch RM, Antonacci DJ. Herbal and dietary supplements for treatment of anxiety disorders. Am Fam Physician. 2007 Aug 15;76(4):549-56.
</references>
