Pentosuria: Difference between revisions
CSV import |
CSV import |
||
| Line 1: | Line 1: | ||
{{SI}} | |||
{{Infobox medical condition | |||
| name = Pentosuria | |||
| image = [[File:Xylulose.png|left|thumb|Structure of L-xylulose]] | |||
| caption = Structure of L-xylulose, the sugar involved in pentosuria | |||
| field = [[Endocrinology]] | |||
| symptoms = Excessive urinary excretion of [[L-xylulose]] | |||
| complications = Generally benign, but can be mistaken for [[diabetes mellitus]] | |||
| onset = Congenital | |||
| duration = Lifelong | |||
| causes = Deficiency of the enzyme [[xylitol dehydrogenase]] | |||
| risks = Genetic predisposition, particularly in individuals of [[Ashkenazi Jewish]] descent | |||
| diagnosis = [[Urinalysis]] showing high levels of L-xylulose | |||
| differential = [[Diabetes mellitus]], other causes of [[glycosuria]] | |||
| treatment = None required | |||
| prognosis = Excellent, as the condition is benign | |||
| frequency = Rare | |||
}} | |||
{{Short description|A rare metabolic condition involving the excretion of xylulose in urine}} | {{Short description|A rare metabolic condition involving the excretion of xylulose in urine}} | ||
'''Pentosuria''' is a rare [[metabolic disorder]] characterized by the excessive excretion of the [[pentose]] sugar [[xylulose]] in the [[urine]]. This condition is often benign and does not typically result in any significant health problems. Pentosuria is most commonly found in individuals of [[Ashkenazi Jewish]] descent. | '''Pentosuria''' is a rare [[metabolic disorder]] characterized by the excessive excretion of the [[pentose]] sugar [[xylulose]] in the [[urine]]. This condition is often benign and does not typically result in any significant health problems. Pentosuria is most commonly found in individuals of [[Ashkenazi Jewish]] descent. | ||
===Pathophysiology=== | ===Pathophysiology=== | ||
Pentosuria is caused by a deficiency in the enzyme [[xylitol dehydrogenase]], which is responsible for the metabolism of xylulose. In individuals with pentosuria, xylulose is not properly metabolized and is instead excreted in the urine. This can lead to a false positive result for [[glucose]] in urine tests, as the presence of xylulose can be mistaken for glucose. | Pentosuria is caused by a deficiency in the enzyme [[xylitol dehydrogenase]], which is responsible for the metabolism of xylulose. In individuals with pentosuria, xylulose is not properly metabolized and is instead excreted in the urine. This can lead to a false positive result for [[glucose]] in urine tests, as the presence of xylulose can be mistaken for glucose. | ||
===Genetics=== | ===Genetics=== | ||
Pentosuria is inherited in an [[autosomal recessive]] pattern. This means that an individual must inherit two copies of the defective gene, one from each parent, to manifest the condition. The gene responsible for pentosuria has been mapped to a specific location on [[chromosome]] 2. | Pentosuria is inherited in an [[autosomal recessive]] pattern. This means that an individual must inherit two copies of the defective gene, one from each parent, to manifest the condition. The gene responsible for pentosuria has been mapped to a specific location on [[chromosome]] 2. | ||
===Diagnosis=== | ===Diagnosis=== | ||
The diagnosis of pentosuria is typically made through a combination of clinical evaluation and laboratory testing. A [[urinalysis]] can reveal the presence of pentose sugars, and specific tests can differentiate xylulose from glucose. Genetic testing can confirm the diagnosis by identifying mutations in the gene responsible for the condition. | The diagnosis of pentosuria is typically made through a combination of clinical evaluation and laboratory testing. A [[urinalysis]] can reveal the presence of pentose sugars, and specific tests can differentiate xylulose from glucose. Genetic testing can confirm the diagnosis by identifying mutations in the gene responsible for the condition. | ||
===Management=== | ===Management=== | ||
Since pentosuria is generally a benign condition, no specific treatment is required. Patients are usually advised to inform healthcare providers of their condition to avoid misdiagnosis of [[diabetes mellitus]] due to the presence of reducing sugars in the urine. | Since pentosuria is generally a benign condition, no specific treatment is required. Patients are usually advised to inform healthcare providers of their condition to avoid misdiagnosis of [[diabetes mellitus]] due to the presence of reducing sugars in the urine. | ||
==See also== | |||
== | |||
* [[Metabolic disorder]] | * [[Metabolic disorder]] | ||
* [[Xylulose]] | * [[Xylulose]] | ||
* [[Autosomal recessive disorder]] | * [[Autosomal recessive disorder]] | ||
* [[Urinalysis]] | * [[Urinalysis]] | ||
[[Category:Metabolic disorders]] | [[Category:Metabolic disorders]] | ||
Revision as of 15:36, 8 April 2025
Editor-In-Chief: Prab R Tumpati, MD
Obesity, Sleep & Internal medicine
Founder, WikiMD Wellnesspedia &
W8MD medical weight loss NYC and sleep center NYC
| Pentosuria | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Synonyms | N/A |
| Pronounce | N/A |
| Specialty | N/A |
| Symptoms | Excessive urinary excretion of L-xylulose |
| Complications | Generally benign, but can be mistaken for diabetes mellitus |
| Onset | Congenital |
| Duration | Lifelong |
| Types | N/A |
| Causes | Deficiency of the enzyme xylitol dehydrogenase |
| Risks | Genetic predisposition, particularly in individuals of Ashkenazi Jewish descent |
| Diagnosis | Urinalysis showing high levels of L-xylulose |
| Differential diagnosis | Diabetes mellitus, other causes of glycosuria |
| Prevention | N/A |
| Treatment | None required |
| Medication | N/A |
| Prognosis | Excellent, as the condition is benign |
| Frequency | Rare |
| Deaths | N/A |
A rare metabolic condition involving the excretion of xylulose in urine
Pentosuria is a rare metabolic disorder characterized by the excessive excretion of the pentose sugar xylulose in the urine. This condition is often benign and does not typically result in any significant health problems. Pentosuria is most commonly found in individuals of Ashkenazi Jewish descent.
Pathophysiology
Pentosuria is caused by a deficiency in the enzyme xylitol dehydrogenase, which is responsible for the metabolism of xylulose. In individuals with pentosuria, xylulose is not properly metabolized and is instead excreted in the urine. This can lead to a false positive result for glucose in urine tests, as the presence of xylulose can be mistaken for glucose.
Genetics
Pentosuria is inherited in an autosomal recessive pattern. This means that an individual must inherit two copies of the defective gene, one from each parent, to manifest the condition. The gene responsible for pentosuria has been mapped to a specific location on chromosome 2.
Diagnosis
The diagnosis of pentosuria is typically made through a combination of clinical evaluation and laboratory testing. A urinalysis can reveal the presence of pentose sugars, and specific tests can differentiate xylulose from glucose. Genetic testing can confirm the diagnosis by identifying mutations in the gene responsible for the condition.
Management
Since pentosuria is generally a benign condition, no specific treatment is required. Patients are usually advised to inform healthcare providers of their condition to avoid misdiagnosis of diabetes mellitus due to the presence of reducing sugars in the urine.
