Non-Hodgkin lymphoma

Editor-In-Chief: Prab R Tumpati, MD
Obesity, Sleep & Internal medicine
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Non-Hodgkin lymphoma
Synonyms	N/A
Pronounce	N/A
Specialty	N/A
Symptoms	Lymphadenopathy, fever, night sweats, weight loss
Complications	Infection, anemia, thrombocytopenia
Onset	Varies by subtype
Duration	Chronic
Types	N/A
Causes	Unknown, involves genetic mutations
Risks	Age, immunosuppression, autoimmune diseases, infections
Diagnosis	Biopsy, imaging studies, blood tests
Differential diagnosis	Hodgkin lymphoma, chronic lymphocytic leukemia, reactive lymphadenopathy
Prevention	N/A
Treatment	Chemotherapy, radiation therapy, immunotherapy, stem cell transplant
Medication	N/A
Prognosis	Varies by subtype and stage
Frequency	Common
Deaths	Varies by subtype

Non-Hodgkin lymphoma can be classified into two main types: B-cell lymphomas and T-cell lymphomas, depending on the type of lymphocyte involved. B-cell lymphomas are more common, accounting for around 85% of cases.

Risk factors

The exact cause of non-Hodgkin lymphoma is not well understood, but certain factors may increase the risk of developing the disease. These risk factors include:

Mantle cell type - Non-Hodgkin lymphoma

• Age: The risk of developing non-Hodgkin lymphoma increases with age, and it is most commonly diagnosed in people over the age of 60.
• Gender: Non-Hodgkin lymphoma is slightly more common in men than in women.
• Weakened immune system: People with a weakened immune system, such as those with HIV/AIDS or those taking immunosuppressive drugs after an organ transplant, are at a higher risk of developing non-Hodgkin lymphoma.
• Autoimmune diseases: Conditions that cause the immune system to attack healthy tissue, such as rheumatoid arthritis or lupus, may increase the risk of non-Hodgkin lymphoma.
• Exposure to certain chemicals: Exposure to chemicals such as pesticides, solvents, or certain industrial chemicals may increase the risk of non-Hodgkin lymphoma.
• Family history: Having a close relative with a history of non-Hodgkin lymphoma or another type of lymphoma may slightly increase your risk.

Treatment

Treatment for non-Hodgkin lymphoma depends on the stage of the disease, the type of lymphoma, the patient's age, and their overall health. Treatment options may include chemotherapy, radiation therapy, immunotherapy, targeted therapy, stem cell transplant, or a combination of these approaches.

Prognosis

The prognosis for non-Hodgkin lymphoma varies depending on the type and stage of the disease, as well as the individual's response to treatment. Advances in treatment have significantly improved survival rates in recent years, and many people with non-Hodgkin lymphoma can achieve long-term remission or even be cured. However, early diagnosis and prompt treatment are essential for the best possible outcome.

Follow up

Follow-up care is an important aspect of managing non-Hodgkin lymphoma. Even after successful treatment, regular check-ups and monitoring are necessary to detect any potential recurrence of the disease or to manage any long-term side effects of treatment. Patients should consult their healthcare team about any new symptoms or concerns that arise during follow-up care.

Survivors

Survivors of non-Hodgkin lymphoma may experience physical, emotional, and practical challenges as a result of their cancer and its treatment. These challenges can include fatigue, neuropathy (nerve damage), fertility issues, anxiety, depression, and financial concerns. It's essential for survivors to maintain open communication with their healthcare team and seek support from friends, family, or support groups to help them cope with these challenges.

Prevention

To reduce the risk of non-Hodgkin lymphoma and improve overall health, individuals can adopt certain lifestyle changes, such as:

• Maintaining a healthy diet: Consuming a well-balanced diet rich in fruits, vegetables, whole grains, lean proteins, and healthy fats can help support the immune system and overall health.
• Regular exercise: Engaging in regular physical activity can help maintain a healthy weight, boost the immune system, and improve mental health.
• Avoiding exposure to harmful chemicals: Reducing contact with pesticides, solvents, and other chemicals linked to non-Hodgkin lymphoma can help lower the risk of developing the disease.
• Practicing safe sex: Using barrier methods during sexual activity and getting tested for sexually transmitted infections, including HIV, can reduce the risk of infections that may weaken the immune system.
• Limiting alcohol consumption and avoiding tobacco use: Reducing alcohol intake and refraining from smoking can help lower the risk of many types of cancer, including non-Hodgkin lymphoma.

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