Lymphogranuloma venereum: Difference between revisions
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= Lymphogranuloma | {{SI}} | ||
{{Infobox medical condition | |||
[[File: | | name = Lymphogranuloma venereum | ||
| image = [[File:Lymphogranuloma_venerum_-_lymph_nodes.jpg|250px]] | |||
== | | caption = Lymph nodes affected by Lymphogranuloma venereum | ||
| field = [[Infectious disease]] | |||
| synonyms = LGV, Climatic bubo, Durand-Nicolas-Favre disease | |||
| symptoms = [[Genital ulcer]], [[lymphadenopathy]], [[proctitis]] | |||
| complications = [[Chronic pain]], [[fistula]], [[stricture]] | |||
| onset = 3 to 30 days after exposure | |||
| duration = Weeks to months | |||
| causes = [[Chlamydia trachomatis]] (serovars L1, L2, L3) | |||
| risks = [[Unprotected sex]], [[multiple sexual partners]] | |||
| diagnosis = [[Nucleic acid amplification test]], [[serology]] | |||
| differential = [[Syphilis]], [[herpes simplex]], [[inguinal hernia]] | |||
| prevention = [[Condom]] use, [[safe sex]] practices | |||
| treatment = [[Antibiotics]] (e.g., [[doxycycline]], [[erythromycin]]) | |||
| prognosis = Good with treatment | |||
| frequency = Rare in developed countries, more common in tropical and subtropical regions | |||
}} | |||
'''Lymphogranuloma venereum''' (LGV) is a [[Sexually Transmitted Infection|sexually transmitted infection]] caused by certain serovars of the bacterium ''[[Chlamydia trachomatis]]''. It is more frequently encountered in tropical and subtropical regions and is associated with significant morbidity. | '''Lymphogranuloma venereum''' (LGV) is a [[Sexually Transmitted Infection|sexually transmitted infection]] caused by certain serovars of the bacterium ''[[Chlamydia trachomatis]]''. It is more frequently encountered in tropical and subtropical regions and is associated with significant morbidity. | ||
== Etiology == | == Etiology == | ||
=== ''[[Chlamydia trachomatis]]'' === | === ''[[Chlamydia trachomatis]]'' === | ||
''Chlamydia trachomatis'' is an obligate intracellular pathogen. The serovars L1, L2, and L3 are specifically associated with LGV. These serovars are adapted to invade the lymphatic system, leading to the characteristic clinical manifestations of the disease. | ''Chlamydia trachomatis'' is an obligate intracellular pathogen. The serovars L1, L2, and L3 are specifically associated with LGV. These serovars are adapted to invade the lymphatic system, leading to the characteristic clinical manifestations of the disease. | ||
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== Clinical Presentation == | == Clinical Presentation == | ||
=== Initial Symptoms === | === Initial Symptoms === | ||
The infection initially manifests as a small, often unnoticed lesion at the site of entry. This is followed by the swelling of regional lymph nodes, which is the hallmark of LGV. | The infection initially manifests as a small, often unnoticed lesion at the site of entry. This is followed by the swelling of regional lymph nodes, which is the hallmark of LGV. | ||
=== Chronic Complications === | === Chronic Complications === | ||
Untreated LGV can progress to chronic, debilitating lymphatic damage, resulting in genital elephantiasis and severe lymphedema. | Untreated LGV can progress to chronic, debilitating lymphatic damage, resulting in genital elephantiasis and severe lymphedema. | ||
== Diagnosis == | == Diagnosis == | ||
Diagnosis is primarily made through nucleic acid amplification tests (NAATs), which detect ''Chlamydia trachomatis'' DNA in clinical specimens. Complementing these tests with clinical findings and serologic testing aids in confirming the diagnosis. | Diagnosis is primarily made through nucleic acid amplification tests (NAATs), which detect ''Chlamydia trachomatis'' DNA in clinical specimens. Complementing these tests with clinical findings and serologic testing aids in confirming the diagnosis. | ||
== Management == | == Management == | ||
=== [[Antibiotic Therapy|Antibiotic Treatment]] === | === [[Antibiotic Therapy|Antibiotic Treatment]] === | ||
A course of [[Doxycycline|doxycycline]] or [[Erythromycin|erythromycin]] is effective in treating LGV. Early diagnosis and treatment are critical to prevent long-term sequelae. | A course of [[Doxycycline|doxycycline]] or [[Erythromycin|erythromycin]] is effective in treating LGV. Early diagnosis and treatment are critical to prevent long-term sequelae. | ||
=== Prevention Strategies === | === Prevention Strategies === | ||
Preventive measures are critical in controlling LGV spread. These include promoting safe sexual practices, routine screening in high-risk populations, and contact tracing. | Preventive measures are critical in controlling LGV spread. These include promoting safe sexual practices, routine screening in high-risk populations, and contact tracing. | ||
== Epidemiology == | == Epidemiology == | ||
LGV is endemic in many tropical and subtropical regions. Its prevalence in western countries has been on the rise, likely due to increased international travel and changing sexual behaviors. | LGV is endemic in many tropical and subtropical regions. Its prevalence in western countries has been on the rise, likely due to increased international travel and changing sexual behaviors. | ||
== Public Health Impact == | == Public Health Impact == | ||
The resurgence of LGV has significant implications for public health, particularly in light of the HIV epidemic, as LGV increases the risk of HIV transmission. | The resurgence of LGV has significant implications for public health, particularly in light of the HIV epidemic, as LGV increases the risk of HIV transmission. | ||
[[Category:Sexually Transmitted Diseases and Infections]] | [[Category:Sexually Transmitted Diseases and Infections]] | ||
[[Category:Tropical Medicine]] | [[Category:Tropical Medicine]] | ||
[[Category:Bacterium-related cutaneous conditions]] | [[Category:Bacterium-related cutaneous conditions]] | ||
{{stub}} | {{stub}} | ||
Latest revision as of 04:33, 8 April 2025
Editor-In-Chief: Prab R Tumpati, MD
Obesity, Sleep & Internal medicine
Founder, WikiMD Wellnesspedia &
W8MD medical weight loss NYC and sleep center NYC
| Lymphogranuloma venereum | |
|---|---|
| |
| Synonyms | LGV, Climatic bubo, Durand-Nicolas-Favre disease |
| Pronounce | N/A |
| Specialty | N/A |
| Symptoms | Genital ulcer, lymphadenopathy, proctitis |
| Complications | Chronic pain, fistula, stricture |
| Onset | 3 to 30 days after exposure |
| Duration | Weeks to months |
| Types | N/A |
| Causes | Chlamydia trachomatis (serovars L1, L2, L3) |
| Risks | Unprotected sex, multiple sexual partners |
| Diagnosis | Nucleic acid amplification test, serology |
| Differential diagnosis | Syphilis, herpes simplex, inguinal hernia |
| Prevention | Condom use, safe sex practices |
| Treatment | Antibiotics (e.g., doxycycline, erythromycin) |
| Medication | N/A |
| Prognosis | Good with treatment |
| Frequency | Rare in developed countries, more common in tropical and subtropical regions |
| Deaths | N/A |
Lymphogranuloma venereum (LGV) is a sexually transmitted infection caused by certain serovars of the bacterium Chlamydia trachomatis. It is more frequently encountered in tropical and subtropical regions and is associated with significant morbidity.
Etiology[edit]
Chlamydia trachomatis[edit]
Chlamydia trachomatis is an obligate intracellular pathogen. The serovars L1, L2, and L3 are specifically associated with LGV. These serovars are adapted to invade the lymphatic system, leading to the characteristic clinical manifestations of the disease.
Clinical Presentation[edit]
Initial Symptoms[edit]
The infection initially manifests as a small, often unnoticed lesion at the site of entry. This is followed by the swelling of regional lymph nodes, which is the hallmark of LGV.
Chronic Complications[edit]
Untreated LGV can progress to chronic, debilitating lymphatic damage, resulting in genital elephantiasis and severe lymphedema.
Diagnosis[edit]
Diagnosis is primarily made through nucleic acid amplification tests (NAATs), which detect Chlamydia trachomatis DNA in clinical specimens. Complementing these tests with clinical findings and serologic testing aids in confirming the diagnosis.
Management[edit]
Antibiotic Treatment[edit]
A course of doxycycline or erythromycin is effective in treating LGV. Early diagnosis and treatment are critical to prevent long-term sequelae.
Prevention Strategies[edit]
Preventive measures are critical in controlling LGV spread. These include promoting safe sexual practices, routine screening in high-risk populations, and contact tracing.
Epidemiology[edit]
LGV is endemic in many tropical and subtropical regions. Its prevalence in western countries has been on the rise, likely due to increased international travel and changing sexual behaviors.
Public Health Impact[edit]
The resurgence of LGV has significant implications for public health, particularly in light of the HIV epidemic, as LGV increases the risk of HIV transmission.
