Iron-deficiency anemia: Difference between revisions
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{{Infobox medical condition | |||
| name = Iron-deficiency anemia | |||
| image = [[File:redbloodcells.jpg|250px]] | |||
| caption = Micrograph showing [[hypochromic]] [[microcytic anemia]], characteristic of iron-deficiency anemia | |||
| field = [[Hematology]] | |||
| symptoms = [[Fatigue (medical)|Fatigue]], [[pallor]], [[shortness of breath]], [[dizziness]], [[headache]], [[cold hands and feet]], [[brittle nails]] | |||
| complications = [[Heart failure]], [[pregnancy complications]], [[growth problems in children]] | |||
| onset = Gradual | |||
| duration = Varies | |||
| causes = [[Iron deficiency]] due to [[dietary deficiency]], [[blood loss]], [[malabsorption]], [[increased demand]] | |||
| risks = [[Menstruation]], [[pregnancy]], [[infants]], [[vegetarian diet]] | |||
| diagnosis = [[Complete blood count]], [[serum ferritin]], [[serum iron]], [[total iron-binding capacity]] | |||
| differential = [[Thalassemia]], [[anemia of chronic disease]], [[sideroblastic anemia]] | |||
| prevention = [[Iron-rich diet]], [[iron supplements]] | |||
| treatment = [[Iron supplements]], [[dietary changes]], [[treating underlying cause]] | |||
| medication = [[Oral iron supplements]], [[intravenous iron]] | |||
| frequency = Common | |||
| deaths = Rare | |||
}} | |||
'''Iron-deficiency anemia''' is a prevalent type of [[anemia]] that occurs when there is an insufficient amount of iron in the body. Individuals with mild to moderate iron-deficiency anemia may not exhibit any signs or symptoms, while more severe cases can lead to fatigue, shortness of breath, or chest pain. | '''Iron-deficiency anemia''' is a prevalent type of [[anemia]] that occurs when there is an insufficient amount of iron in the body. Individuals with mild to moderate iron-deficiency anemia may not exhibit any signs or symptoms, while more severe cases can lead to fatigue, shortness of breath, or chest pain. | ||
== Causes == | == Causes == | ||
[[File:Iron deficiency anemia blood film.jpg|thumb|Human blood from a case of iron deficiency anemia (Giemsa stain)]] | [[File:Iron deficiency anemia blood film.jpg|left|thumb|Human blood from a case of iron deficiency anemia (Giemsa stain)]] | ||
Iron-deficiency anemia typically develops gradually due to various factors: | Iron-deficiency anemia typically develops gradually due to various factors: | ||
=== <u>Blood Loss</u> === | === <u>Blood Loss</u> === | ||
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=== <u>Sex</u> === | === <u>Sex</u> === | ||
* Girls and women between the ages of 14 and 50, particularly during menstruation, pregnancy, or breastfeeding. | * Girls and women between the ages of 14 and 50, particularly during menstruation, pregnancy, or breastfeeding. | ||
== Screening and Prevention == | == Screening and Prevention == | ||
Screening for iron-deficiency anemia may be recommended based on risk factors, including pregnancy. Prevention strategies may include dietary changes and managing conditions contributing to iron deficiency. | Screening for iron-deficiency anemia may be recommended based on risk factors, including pregnancy. Prevention strategies may include dietary changes and managing conditions contributing to iron deficiency. | ||
| Line 42: | Line 61: | ||
=== <u>Prevention Strategies</u> === | === <u>Prevention Strategies</u> === | ||
Consuming iron-rich foods and increasing vitamin C intake can aid iron absorption. Delayed clamping of the newborn's umbilical cord may prevent anemia in infants. | Consuming iron-rich foods and increasing vitamin C intake can aid iron absorption. Delayed clamping of the newborn's umbilical cord may prevent anemia in infants. | ||
== Signs, Symptoms, and Complications == | == Signs, Symptoms, and Complications == | ||
Iron-deficiency anemia can vary in severity, with symptoms worsening as the condition progresses. Complications may arise if left untreated. | Iron-deficiency anemia can vary in severity, with symptoms worsening as the condition progresses. Complications may arise if left untreated. | ||
| Line 49: | Line 67: | ||
=== <u>Complications</u> === | === <u>Complications</u> === | ||
Untreated anemia can lead to heart problems, increased infection risk, and developmental delays in children. | Untreated anemia can lead to heart problems, increased infection risk, and developmental delays in children. | ||
== Diagnosis == | == Diagnosis == | ||
Diagnosing iron-deficiency anemia involves physical exams, blood tests, and potentially, tests for gastrointestinal bleeding. | Diagnosing iron-deficiency anemia involves physical exams, blood tests, and potentially, tests for gastrointestinal bleeding. | ||
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=== <u>Blood Tests</u> === | === <u>Blood Tests</u> === | ||
Tests like CBC, iron levels, and ferritin levels help diagnose anemia and determine its severity. | Tests like CBC, iron levels, and ferritin levels help diagnose anemia and determine its severity. | ||
== Treatment == | == Treatment == | ||
Treatment options depend on the cause and severity of the anemia and may include iron supplements, intravenous iron therapy, or blood transfusions. | Treatment options depend on the cause and severity of the anemia and may include iron supplements, intravenous iron therapy, or blood transfusions. | ||
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=== <u>Other Treatments</u> === | === <u>Other Treatments</u> === | ||
Erythropoiesis stimulating agents (ESA) may be recommended for individuals with chronic kidney disease. | Erythropoiesis stimulating agents (ESA) may be recommended for individuals with chronic kidney disease. | ||
== Living With == | == Living With == | ||
Following the treatment plan, monitoring symptoms, and preventing complications are essential aspects of managing iron-deficiency anemia. | Following the treatment plan, monitoring symptoms, and preventing complications are essential aspects of managing iron-deficiency anemia. | ||
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=== <u>Learn Precautions</u> === | === <u>Learn Precautions</u> === | ||
Understanding precautions for activities and medication interactions is important for safety. | Understanding precautions for activities and medication interactions is important for safety. | ||
== See also == | == See also == | ||
* [[Anemia]] | * [[Anemia]] | ||
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* [[Iron]] | * [[Iron]] | ||
* [[Red blood cells]] | * [[Red blood cells]] | ||
[[Category:Anemia]] | [[Category:Anemia]] | ||
[[Category:Iron]] | [[Category:Iron]] | ||
[[Category:Blood disorders]] | [[Category:Blood disorders]] | ||
[[Category:Medical conditions]] | [[Category:Medical conditions]] | ||
{{stub}} | {{stub}} | ||
Latest revision as of 00:35, 8 April 2025
Editor-In-Chief: Prab R Tumpati, MD
Obesity, Sleep & Internal medicine
Founder, WikiMD Wellnesspedia &
W8MD medical weight loss NYC and sleep center NYC
| Iron-deficiency anemia | |
|---|---|
| |
| Synonyms | N/A |
| Pronounce | N/A |
| Specialty | N/A |
| Symptoms | Fatigue, pallor, shortness of breath, dizziness, headache, cold hands and feet, brittle nails |
| Complications | Heart failure, pregnancy complications, growth problems in children |
| Onset | Gradual |
| Duration | Varies |
| Types | N/A |
| Causes | Iron deficiency due to dietary deficiency, blood loss, malabsorption, increased demand |
| Risks | Menstruation, pregnancy, infants, vegetarian diet |
| Diagnosis | Complete blood count, serum ferritin, serum iron, total iron-binding capacity |
| Differential diagnosis | Thalassemia, anemia of chronic disease, sideroblastic anemia |
| Prevention | Iron-rich diet, iron supplements |
| Treatment | Iron supplements, dietary changes, treating underlying cause |
| Medication | Oral iron supplements, intravenous iron |
| Prognosis | N/A |
| Frequency | Common |
| Deaths | Rare |
Iron-deficiency anemia is a prevalent type of anemia that occurs when there is an insufficient amount of iron in the body. Individuals with mild to moderate iron-deficiency anemia may not exhibit any signs or symptoms, while more severe cases can lead to fatigue, shortness of breath, or chest pain.
Causes[edit]
Iron-deficiency anemia typically develops gradually due to various factors:
Blood Loss[edit]
- Bleeding in the gastrointestinal tract, which can result from ulcers, colon cancer, or the regular use of medications like aspirin or nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs).
- Certain genetic conditions such as hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia.
- Frequent blood donation or blood tests.
- Heavy menstrual periods.
- Injury, surgery, or urinary tract bleeding.
Consuming Less Iron[edit]
- Inadequate intake of iron-rich foods.
Problems Absorbing Iron[edit]
- Digestive conditions like celiac disease or inflammatory bowel diseases.
- Previous gastrointestinal surgeries.
- Rare genetic conditions affecting iron absorption.
Other Medical Conditions[edit]
- End-stage kidney failure or chronic kidney disease.
- Inflammation from congestive heart failure or obesity.
Risk Factors[edit]
Several factors can increase the risk of developing iron-deficiency anemia:
Age[edit]
- Infants between 6 and 12 months.
- Children between ages 1 and 2.
- Teens undergoing growth spurts.
- Older adults, especially those over age 65.
Unhealthy Environments[edit]
- Children exposed to lead.
Family History and Genetics[edit]
- Inherited bleeding disorders like Von Willebrand disease or hemophilia.
Lifestyle Habits[edit]
- Vegetarian or vegan eating patterns.
- Frequent blood donation.
- Participation in endurance activities.
Sex[edit]
- Girls and women between the ages of 14 and 50, particularly during menstruation, pregnancy, or breastfeeding.
Screening and Prevention[edit]
Screening for iron-deficiency anemia may be recommended based on risk factors, including pregnancy. Prevention strategies may include dietary changes and managing conditions contributing to iron deficiency.
Blood Tests[edit]
Routine blood tests like complete blood count (CBC) can detect anemia, while further tests may be necessary to identify the underlying cause.
Prevention Strategies[edit]
Consuming iron-rich foods and increasing vitamin C intake can aid iron absorption. Delayed clamping of the newborn's umbilical cord may prevent anemia in infants.
Signs, Symptoms, and Complications[edit]
Iron-deficiency anemia can vary in severity, with symptoms worsening as the condition progresses. Complications may arise if left untreated.
Signs and Symptoms[edit]
Common signs include brittle nails, pale skin, and spooning of the nails, while symptoms range from fatigue to irregular heartbeat.
Complications[edit]
Untreated anemia can lead to heart problems, increased infection risk, and developmental delays in children.
Diagnosis[edit]
Diagnosing iron-deficiency anemia involves physical exams, blood tests, and potentially, tests for gastrointestinal bleeding.
Physical Exam[edit]
Doctors may check for signs like pale skin, brittle nails, or irregular heartbeats.
Blood Tests[edit]
Tests like CBC, iron levels, and ferritin levels help diagnose anemia and determine its severity.
Treatment[edit]
Treatment options depend on the cause and severity of the anemia and may include iron supplements, intravenous iron therapy, or blood transfusions.
Iron Supplements[edit]
Oral iron supplements are commonly prescribed to replenish iron levels.
Procedures[edit]
In severe cases, intravenous iron therapy or blood transfusions may be necessary.
Healthy Lifestyle Changes[edit]
Adopting a balanced diet rich in iron and vitamin C can aid in treatment.
Other Treatments[edit]
Erythropoiesis stimulating agents (ESA) may be recommended for individuals with chronic kidney disease.
Living With[edit]
Following the treatment plan, monitoring symptoms, and preventing complications are essential aspects of managing iron-deficiency anemia.
Follow Your Treatment Plan[edit]
Adhering to prescribed treatments and reporting any side effects to your doctor is crucial.
Monitor Your Condition[edit]
Regular check-ups and monitoring of symptoms can help track progress.
Prevent Complications[edit]
Maintaining a healthy lifestyle and managing underlying conditions can prevent complications.
Learn Warning Signs[edit]
Being aware of symptoms worsening can prompt timely medical attention.
Learn Precautions[edit]
Understanding precautions for activities and medication interactions is important for safety.
