Hyperuricemia: Difference between revisions
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{{Infobox medical condition | |||
| name = Hyperuricemia | |||
| image = [[File:Harnsäure_Ketoform.svg|200px]] | |||
| caption = Chemical structure of uric acid | |||
| field = [[Rheumatology]] | |||
| synonyms = High uric acid | |||
| symptoms = [[Joint pain]], [[kidney stones]], [[tophi]] | |||
| complications = [[Gout]], [[chronic kidney disease]] | |||
| onset = Middle age | |||
| duration = Long term | |||
| causes = [[Diet]], [[genetics]], [[obesity]], [[diuretics]] | |||
| risks = [[Hypertension]], [[metabolic syndrome]] | |||
| diagnosis = [[Blood test]] | |||
| differential = [[Pseudogout]], [[septic arthritis]] | |||
| prevention = [[Dietary changes]], [[weight loss]] | |||
| treatment = [[Allopurinol]], [[febuxostat]], [[probenecid]] | |||
| medication = [[NSAIDs]], [[colchicine]] | |||
| frequency = Common | |||
}} | |||
= Hyperuricemia = | = Hyperuricemia = | ||
== Introduction == | == Introduction == | ||
'''Hyperuricemia''' refers to a condition characterized by elevated blood concentrations of uric acid, a waste product in the blood that can result from the breakdown of purines. | '''Hyperuricemia''' refers to a condition characterized by elevated blood concentrations of uric acid, a waste product in the blood that can result from the breakdown of purines. | ||
== Pathophysiology == | == Pathophysiology == | ||
Uric acid is typically filtered out of the blood by the kidneys and excreted in urine. Hyperuricemia occurs when there is an increase in uric acid production, a decrease in uric acid excretion, or a combination of both. | Uric acid is typically filtered out of the blood by the kidneys and excreted in urine. Hyperuricemia occurs when there is an increase in uric acid production, a decrease in uric acid excretion, or a combination of both. | ||
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== Causes == | == Causes == | ||
Common causes of hyperuricemia include: | Common causes of hyperuricemia include: | ||
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* Renal impairment | * Renal impairment | ||
* Diseases like leukemia or psoriasis | * Diseases like leukemia or psoriasis | ||
== Symptoms and Complications == | == Symptoms and Complications == | ||
While hyperuricemia itself is often asymptomatic, it can lead to serious complications like: | While hyperuricemia itself is often asymptomatic, it can lead to serious complications like: | ||
| Line 34: | Line 47: | ||
* Kidney stones | * Kidney stones | ||
* Renal dysfunction | * Renal dysfunction | ||
== Diagnosis == | == Diagnosis == | ||
Diagnosis of hyperuricemia is usually made through blood tests that measure uric acid levels. | Diagnosis of hyperuricemia is usually made through blood tests that measure uric acid levels. | ||
== Treatment == | == Treatment == | ||
Treatment focuses on reducing uric acid levels through: | Treatment focuses on reducing uric acid levels through: | ||
| Line 44: | Line 55: | ||
* Weight loss and lifestyle changes | * Weight loss and lifestyle changes | ||
* Increased fluid intake | * Increased fluid intake | ||
== Prevention == | == Prevention == | ||
Preventive measures include: | Preventive measures include: | ||
| Line 51: | Line 61: | ||
* Limiting intake of high-purine foods | * Limiting intake of high-purine foods | ||
* Staying well-hydrated | * Staying well-hydrated | ||
== Epidemiology == | == Epidemiology == | ||
Hyperuricemia is a common condition, particularly among men and postmenopausal women, and its prevalence has been increasing worldwide. | Hyperuricemia is a common condition, particularly among men and postmenopausal women, and its prevalence has been increasing worldwide. | ||
== See Also == | == See Also == | ||
* [[Renal function]] | * [[Renal function]] | ||
* [[Metabolic syndrome]] | * [[Metabolic syndrome]] | ||
* [[Diet and nutrition]] | * [[Diet and nutrition]] | ||
== References == | == References == | ||
<references> | <references> | ||
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* Patel, S., & Green, M. T. (2022). ''Epidemiology and Treatment of Hyperuricemia''. Medical Science Monitor. 28(4), 202-208. | * Patel, S., & Green, M. T. (2022). ''Epidemiology and Treatment of Hyperuricemia''. Medical Science Monitor. 28(4), 202-208. | ||
</references> | </references> | ||
== External Links == | == External Links == | ||
* [https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/gout/symptoms-causes/syc-20372903 Mayo Clinic - Gout] | * [https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/gout/symptoms-causes/syc-20372903 Mayo Clinic - Gout] | ||
Revision as of 03:57, 7 April 2025
Editor-In-Chief: Prab R Tumpati, MD
Obesity, Sleep & Internal medicine
Founder, WikiMD Wellnesspedia &
W8MD medical weight loss NYC and sleep center NYC
| Hyperuricemia | |
|---|---|
| |
| Synonyms | High uric acid |
| Pronounce | N/A |
| Specialty | N/A |
| Symptoms | Joint pain, kidney stones, tophi |
| Complications | Gout, chronic kidney disease |
| Onset | Middle age |
| Duration | Long term |
| Types | N/A |
| Causes | Diet, genetics, obesity, diuretics |
| Risks | Hypertension, metabolic syndrome |
| Diagnosis | Blood test |
| Differential diagnosis | Pseudogout, septic arthritis |
| Prevention | Dietary changes, weight loss |
| Treatment | Allopurinol, febuxostat, probenecid |
| Medication | NSAIDs, colchicine |
| Prognosis | N/A |
| Frequency | Common |
| Deaths | N/A |
Hyperuricemia
Introduction
Hyperuricemia refers to a condition characterized by elevated blood concentrations of uric acid, a waste product in the blood that can result from the breakdown of purines.
Pathophysiology
Uric acid is typically filtered out of the blood by the kidneys and excreted in urine. Hyperuricemia occurs when there is an increase in uric acid production, a decrease in uric acid excretion, or a combination of both.
Causes
Common causes of hyperuricemia include:
- Genetic predisposition
- High-purine diet
- Obesity
- Certain medications (e.g., diuretics)
- Renal impairment
- Diseases like leukemia or psoriasis
Symptoms and Complications
While hyperuricemia itself is often asymptomatic, it can lead to serious complications like:
- Gout
- Kidney stones
- Renal dysfunction
Diagnosis
Diagnosis of hyperuricemia is usually made through blood tests that measure uric acid levels.
Treatment
Treatment focuses on reducing uric acid levels through:
- Medications (e.g., allopurinol, febuxostat)
- Dietary modifications to reduce purine intake
- Weight loss and lifestyle changes
- Increased fluid intake
Prevention
Preventive measures include:
- Maintaining a healthy weight
- Avoiding excessive alcohol consumption
- Limiting intake of high-purine foods
- Staying well-hydrated
Epidemiology
Hyperuricemia is a common condition, particularly among men and postmenopausal women, and its prevalence has been increasing worldwide.
See Also
References
<references>
- Johnson, K. L., & Smith, A. R. (2023). Hyperuricemia: Causes, Complications, and Management. Journal of Clinical Medicine. 48(2), 234-242.
- Patel, S., & Green, M. T. (2022). Epidemiology and Treatment of Hyperuricemia. Medical Science Monitor. 28(4), 202-208.
</references>
