Diverticulitis

Editor-In-Chief: Prab R Tumpati, MD
Obesity, Sleep & Internal medicine
Founder, WikiMD Wellnesspedia &
W8MD medical weight loss NYC and sleep center NYC

Diverticulitis
Diverticula in the sigmoid colon
Synonyms	N/A
Pronounce	N/A
Specialty	N/A
Symptoms	Abdominal pain, fever, nausea, diarrhea, constipation
Complications	Abscess, fistula, perforation, peritonitis
Onset	Sudden
Duration	Days to weeks
Types	N/A
Causes	Diverticulosis
Risks	Obesity, smoking, lack of exercise, diet low in fiber
Diagnosis	CT scan, ultrasound, colonoscopy
Differential diagnosis	Irritable bowel syndrome, colorectal cancer, appendicitis
Prevention	N/A
Treatment	Antibiotics, surgery
Medication	Metronidazole, ciprofloxacin, amoxicillin/clavulanic acid
Prognosis	N/A
Frequency	Common in Western countries
Deaths	Rare

Diverticulitis is a gastrointestinal disorder caused by inflammation or infection of small pouches or sacs called diverticula that form in the lining of the colon or large intestine. Diverticula are frequently asymptomatic, particularly in older adults. When diverticula become inflamed, however, the condition is known as diverticulitis.

Sigmadivertikulitis CT

Diverticulitis, very low mag

Reasons and Threat Factors

Diverticulitis' exact cause is unknown, but several factors are believed to contribute to its development:

• Age: The risk of developing diverticulitis rises with age, especially after 40.
• A low-fiber diet may contribute to the development of diverticula and increase the likelihood of diverticulitis.
• Being obese or overweight increases the risk of developing diverticulitis.
• Lack of physical activity may also contribute to a sedentary lifestyle.
• Tobacco use has been linked to an increased risk of diverticulitis.
• A family history of diverticulitis may increase an individual's susceptibility to the disease.

Symptoms

Diverticulitis can manifest with a variety of symptoms, including:

• Abdominal pain is typically felt on the lower left side of the abdomen, though it can occur on the right side in some people.
• Fever and shivering
• sickness and vomiting
• Constipation or loose stools
• Bloating
• loss of hunger

Diagnosis

Healthcare professionals may use a combination of medical history, physical examination, and diagnostic tests to diagnose diverticulitis.

• Examining the blood for signs of infection or inflammation.
• Urinalysis is performed to exclude urinary tract infections.
• Abdominal X-ray: To detect any intestinal obstruction or perforation.
• As it provides detailed images of the colon and surrounding tissues, CT scan is the imaging modality most frequently used to diagnose diverticulitis.
• In some instances, ultrasound may be utilized to visualize the colon and detect inflammation.

This test involves inserting a flexible tube equipped with a camera into the rectum in order to visualize the colon. However, it is typically not performed during an acute episode of diverticulitis due to the risk of perforation.

Therapy

Treatment for diverticulitis may include the following, depending on the severity of the condition:

• Antibiotics are used to treat infections.
• Medications available over-the-counter or by prescription that alleviate pain.
• To allow the colon to heal, a temporary switch to a clear liquid diet may be recommended.
• In severe cases or when complications arise, hospitalization for intravenous antibiotics and close monitoring may be required.

In some instances, surgery may be required for the treatment of complications or recurrent episodes of diverticulitis. Surgical options consist of:

• The removal of the diseased portion of the colon and the reattachment of the healthy segments.
• Creating a hole (stoma) in the abdominal wall to divert waste into a colostomy bag, thereby allowing the colon to heal. Depending on the patient's condition, this may be temporary or permanent.

Prophylaxis

Although not all cases of diverticulitis can be prevented, the following lifestyle modifications may reduce the likelihood of developing the condition:

• Diet high in fiber: Eating a diet rich in fruits, vegetables, and whole grains can promote regular bowel movements and reduce colon pressure.
• Consuming copious amounts of water can help prevent constipation and maintain healthy bowel function.
• Regular exercise may reduce the risk of diverticulitis by promoting healthy bowel movements and maintaining a healthy body mass index.
• The risk of developing diverticulitis may be reduced by quitting smoking or avoiding it altogether.

Also see

• Diverticulosis
• Irritable bowel syndrome is a disorder of the gastrointestinal tract.
• Irritable bowel disease
• Colonoscopy

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