Renal agenesis: Difference between revisions
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{{Infobox medical condition | |||
| name = Renal agenesis | |||
| synonyms = Kidney agenesis | |||
| field = [[Nephrology]] | |||
| symptoms = [[Oligohydramnios]], [[Potter sequence]], [[Pulmonary hypoplasia]] | |||
| complications = [[Hypertension]], [[Chronic kidney disease]] | |||
| onset = Congenital | |||
| duration = Lifelong | |||
| causes = Genetic mutations, environmental factors | |||
| risks = [[Family history]], [[Diabetes]], [[Maternal obesity]] | |||
| diagnosis = [[Ultrasound]], [[MRI]] | |||
| differential = [[Multicystic dysplastic kidney]], [[Renal hypoplasia]] | |||
| prevention = None | |||
| treatment = [[Dialysis]], [[Kidney transplantation]] | |||
| prognosis = Variable, depends on unilateral or bilateral | |||
| frequency = 1 in 1,000 to 1 in 4,000 births | |||
}} | |||
'''Renal agenesis''' is a medical condition characterized by the absence of one or both kidneys at birth. This condition can be unilateral, affecting one kidney, or bilateral, affecting both kidneys. Bilateral renal agenesis is a more severe form and is often associated with a poor prognosis. | '''Renal agenesis''' is a medical condition characterized by the absence of one or both kidneys at birth. This condition can be unilateral, affecting one kidney, or bilateral, affecting both kidneys. Bilateral renal agenesis is a more severe form and is often associated with a poor prognosis. | ||
==Etiology== | ==Etiology== | ||
The exact cause of renal agenesis is not known. However, it is believed to be a result of genetic factors and environmental influences during early fetal development. Some studies suggest a link between maternal drug use during pregnancy and renal agenesis, but more research is needed to confirm this association. | The exact cause of renal agenesis is not known. However, it is believed to be a result of genetic factors and environmental influences during early fetal development. Some studies suggest a link between maternal drug use during pregnancy and renal agenesis, but more research is needed to confirm this association. | ||
==Symptoms== | ==Symptoms== | ||
The symptoms of renal agenesis vary depending on whether it is unilateral or bilateral. In unilateral renal agenesis, the condition is often asymptomatic as the remaining kidney compensates for the missing one. In bilateral renal agenesis, symptoms are severe and include oligohydramnios (low amniotic fluid), pulmonary hypoplasia (underdeveloped lungs), and characteristic facial features such as widely spaced eyes and a flattened nose. | The symptoms of renal agenesis vary depending on whether it is unilateral or bilateral. In unilateral renal agenesis, the condition is often asymptomatic as the remaining kidney compensates for the missing one. In bilateral renal agenesis, symptoms are severe and include oligohydramnios (low amniotic fluid), pulmonary hypoplasia (underdeveloped lungs), and characteristic facial features such as widely spaced eyes and a flattened nose. | ||
==Diagnosis== | ==Diagnosis== | ||
Renal agenesis is usually diagnosed through prenatal ultrasound. This imaging test can detect the absence of one or both kidneys and other associated abnormalities. In some cases, the condition may not be diagnosed until after birth or in adulthood during an imaging test for another condition. | Renal agenesis is usually diagnosed through prenatal ultrasound. This imaging test can detect the absence of one or both kidneys and other associated abnormalities. In some cases, the condition may not be diagnosed until after birth or in adulthood during an imaging test for another condition. | ||
==Treatment== | ==Treatment== | ||
There is no cure for renal agenesis. Treatment focuses on managing symptoms and preventing complications. In unilateral renal agenesis, regular monitoring of kidney function is recommended. In bilateral renal agenesis, treatment options are limited and often involve supportive care. | There is no cure for renal agenesis. Treatment focuses on managing symptoms and preventing complications. In unilateral renal agenesis, regular monitoring of kidney function is recommended. In bilateral renal agenesis, treatment options are limited and often involve supportive care. | ||
==Prognosis== | ==Prognosis== | ||
The prognosis for renal agenesis depends on whether it is unilateral or bilateral. Unilateral renal agenesis generally has a good prognosis, with most individuals leading normal lives. However, they may have an increased risk of kidney disease later in life. Bilateral renal agenesis is often fatal, with most infants not surviving beyond a few days after birth. | The prognosis for renal agenesis depends on whether it is unilateral or bilateral. Unilateral renal agenesis generally has a good prognosis, with most individuals leading normal lives. However, they may have an increased risk of kidney disease later in life. Bilateral renal agenesis is often fatal, with most infants not surviving beyond a few days after birth. | ||
==See also== | ==See also== | ||
* [[Kidney]] | * [[Kidney]] | ||
* [[Congenital anomalies of the kidney and urinary tract]] | * [[Congenital anomalies of the kidney and urinary tract]] | ||
* [[Ultrasound]] | * [[Ultrasound]] | ||
[[Category:Congenital disorders of urinary system]] | [[Category:Congenital disorders of urinary system]] | ||
[[Category:Kidney diseases]] | [[Category:Kidney diseases]] | ||
{{stub}} | {{stub}} | ||
Latest revision as of 04:30, 4 April 2025
| Renal agenesis | |
|---|---|
| Synonyms | Kidney agenesis |
| Pronounce | N/A |
| Specialty | N/A |
| Symptoms | Oligohydramnios, Potter sequence, Pulmonary hypoplasia |
| Complications | Hypertension, Chronic kidney disease |
| Onset | Congenital |
| Duration | Lifelong |
| Types | N/A |
| Causes | Genetic mutations, environmental factors |
| Risks | Family history, Diabetes, Maternal obesity |
| Diagnosis | Ultrasound, MRI |
| Differential diagnosis | Multicystic dysplastic kidney, Renal hypoplasia |
| Prevention | None |
| Treatment | Dialysis, Kidney transplantation |
| Medication | N/A |
| Prognosis | Variable, depends on unilateral or bilateral |
| Frequency | 1 in 1,000 to 1 in 4,000 births |
| Deaths | N/A |
Renal agenesis is a medical condition characterized by the absence of one or both kidneys at birth. This condition can be unilateral, affecting one kidney, or bilateral, affecting both kidneys. Bilateral renal agenesis is a more severe form and is often associated with a poor prognosis.
Etiology[edit]
The exact cause of renal agenesis is not known. However, it is believed to be a result of genetic factors and environmental influences during early fetal development. Some studies suggest a link between maternal drug use during pregnancy and renal agenesis, but more research is needed to confirm this association.
Symptoms[edit]
The symptoms of renal agenesis vary depending on whether it is unilateral or bilateral. In unilateral renal agenesis, the condition is often asymptomatic as the remaining kidney compensates for the missing one. In bilateral renal agenesis, symptoms are severe and include oligohydramnios (low amniotic fluid), pulmonary hypoplasia (underdeveloped lungs), and characteristic facial features such as widely spaced eyes and a flattened nose.
Diagnosis[edit]
Renal agenesis is usually diagnosed through prenatal ultrasound. This imaging test can detect the absence of one or both kidneys and other associated abnormalities. In some cases, the condition may not be diagnosed until after birth or in adulthood during an imaging test for another condition.
Treatment[edit]
There is no cure for renal agenesis. Treatment focuses on managing symptoms and preventing complications. In unilateral renal agenesis, regular monitoring of kidney function is recommended. In bilateral renal agenesis, treatment options are limited and often involve supportive care.
Prognosis[edit]
The prognosis for renal agenesis depends on whether it is unilateral or bilateral. Unilateral renal agenesis generally has a good prognosis, with most individuals leading normal lives. However, they may have an increased risk of kidney disease later in life. Bilateral renal agenesis is often fatal, with most infants not surviving beyond a few days after birth.
