White superficial onychomycosis

White superficial onychomycosis
Synonyms	Superficial white onychomycosis
Pronounce	N/A
Specialty	N/A
Symptoms	White patches on the nail surface
Complications	Nail dystrophy
Onset	Gradual
Duration	Long-term
Types	N/A
Causes	Fungal infection
Risks	Immunocompromised state, diabetes
Diagnosis	Clinical diagnosis, KOH test, Fungal culture
Differential diagnosis	Psoriasis, Lichen planus, Onycholysis
Prevention	Keeping nails dry and clean, avoiding trauma
Treatment	Antifungal medications, Topical treatment
Medication	Terbinafine, Itraconazole, Ciclopirox
Prognosis	Good with treatment
Frequency	Common in tropical climates
Deaths	N/A

White Superficial Onychomycosis (WSO) is a common type of fungal infection that affects the nails. It is characterized by white and powdery patches on the nail surface, which can eventually lead to the complete destruction of the nail plate.

Causes

WSO is primarily caused by the dermatophyte fungus Trichophyton mentagrophytes, but can also be caused by other types of fungi. These fungi thrive in warm, moist environments and can be contracted through direct contact with an infected person or contaminated surfaces.

Symptoms

The primary symptom of WSO is the appearance of white, powdery patches on the nail surface. These patches can spread and cover the entire nail if left untreated. Other symptoms may include nail discoloration, thickening, and brittleness.

Diagnosis

WSO is diagnosed through a physical examination of the affected nail. A microscopic examination of nail scrapings can also be performed to confirm the presence of fungi. In some cases, a culture test may be necessary to identify the specific type of fungus causing the infection.

Treatment

Treatment for WSO typically involves the use of topical or oral antifungal medications. In severe cases, the affected nail may need to be removed surgically. It is important to note that treatment can take several months to completely eradicate the infection and for the nail to return to its normal appearance.

Prevention

Prevention of WSO involves maintaining good personal hygiene and avoiding environments where the fungi are likely to thrive. This includes wearing footwear in public showers and locker rooms, keeping the feet dry, and avoiding sharing personal items like towels and nail clippers.