Dissociated sensory loss: Difference between revisions
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{{Infobox medical condition | |||
| name = Dissociated sensory loss | |||
| synonyms = | |||
| specialty = [[Neurology]] | |||
| symptoms = Loss of [[pain]] and [[temperature]] sensation, preserved [[vibration]] and [[proprioception]] | |||
| causes = [[Syringomyelia]], [[Brown-Séquard syndrome]], [[Tabes dorsalis]] | |||
| diagnosis = [[Neurological examination]], [[MRI]] | |||
| treatment = Depends on underlying cause | |||
| prognosis = Variable, depending on cause | |||
| frequency = Rare | |||
}} | |||
==Dissociated Sensory Loss== | ==Dissociated Sensory Loss== | ||
'''Dissociated sensory loss''' is a neurological condition characterized by the loss of certain types of sensory modalities while others remain intact. This phenomenon is often associated with specific types of spinal cord lesions or neurological disorders. | '''Dissociated sensory loss''' is a neurological condition characterized by the loss of certain types of sensory modalities while others remain intact. This phenomenon is often associated with specific types of spinal cord lesions or neurological disorders. | ||
==Pathophysiology== | ==Pathophysiology== | ||
Dissociated sensory loss typically involves the loss of either '''[[pain]]''' and '''[[temperature]]''' sensation or '''[[proprioception]]''' and '''[[vibration]]''' sense, but not both. This occurs due to the distinct pathways these sensory modalities take within the '''[[central nervous system]]'''. | Dissociated sensory loss typically involves the loss of either '''[[pain]]''' and '''[[temperature]]''' sensation or '''[[proprioception]]''' and '''[[vibration]]''' sense, but not both. This occurs due to the distinct pathways these sensory modalities take within the '''[[central nervous system]]'''. | ||
===Spinothalamic Tract=== | ===Spinothalamic Tract=== | ||
The spinothalamic tract is responsible for transmitting pain and temperature sensations. Lesions affecting this tract, such as those seen in '''[[syringomyelia]]''', can lead to a loss of these sensations while sparing proprioception and vibration sense. | The spinothalamic tract is responsible for transmitting pain and temperature sensations. Lesions affecting this tract, such as those seen in '''[[syringomyelia]]''', can lead to a loss of these sensations while sparing proprioception and vibration sense. | ||
===Dorsal Columns=== | ===Dorsal Columns=== | ||
The dorsal columns carry proprioceptive and vibration information. Damage to these pathways, as seen in conditions like '''[[tabes dorsalis]]''', results in the loss of these modalities while pain and temperature sensation remain unaffected. | The dorsal columns carry proprioceptive and vibration information. Damage to these pathways, as seen in conditions like '''[[tabes dorsalis]]''', results in the loss of these modalities while pain and temperature sensation remain unaffected. | ||
==Clinical Presentation== | ==Clinical Presentation== | ||
Patients with dissociated sensory loss may present with a variety of symptoms depending on the underlying cause and location of the lesion. Common presentations include: | Patients with dissociated sensory loss may present with a variety of symptoms depending on the underlying cause and location of the lesion. Common presentations include: | ||
* Loss of pain and temperature sensation in a "cape-like" distribution in the case of syringomyelia. | * Loss of pain and temperature sensation in a "cape-like" distribution in the case of syringomyelia. | ||
* Preservation of proprioception and vibration sense despite the loss of other sensory modalities. | * Preservation of proprioception and vibration sense despite the loss of other sensory modalities. | ||
==Causes== | ==Causes== | ||
Several conditions can lead to dissociated sensory loss, including: | Several conditions can lead to dissociated sensory loss, including: | ||
* '''[[Syringomyelia]]''' | * '''[[Syringomyelia]]''' | ||
* '''[[Brown-S quard syndrome]]''' | * '''[[Brown-S quard syndrome]]''' | ||
* '''[[Tabes dorsalis]]''' | * '''[[Tabes dorsalis]]''' | ||
* '''[[Multiple sclerosis]]''' | * '''[[Multiple sclerosis]]''' | ||
==Diagnosis== | ==Diagnosis== | ||
Diagnosis of dissociated sensory loss involves a thorough neurological examination to assess the specific sensory deficits. Imaging studies such as '''[[MRI]]''' may be used to identify structural lesions in the spinal cord or brain. | Diagnosis of dissociated sensory loss involves a thorough neurological examination to assess the specific sensory deficits. Imaging studies such as '''[[MRI]]''' may be used to identify structural lesions in the spinal cord or brain. | ||
==Treatment== | ==Treatment== | ||
Treatment of dissociated sensory loss focuses on addressing the underlying cause. For example, surgical intervention may be necessary for syringomyelia, while medical management is used for conditions like multiple sclerosis. | Treatment of dissociated sensory loss focuses on addressing the underlying cause. For example, surgical intervention may be necessary for syringomyelia, while medical management is used for conditions like multiple sclerosis. | ||
==Related Pages== | ==Related Pages== | ||
* '''[[Sensory system]]''' | * '''[[Sensory system]]''' | ||
* '''[[Neurology]]''' | * '''[[Neurology]]''' | ||
* '''[[Spinal cord]]''' | * '''[[Spinal cord]]''' | ||
{{Neurology}} | {{Neurology}} | ||
[[Category:Neurology]] | [[Category:Neurology]] | ||
[[Category:Symptoms and signs: Nervous system]] | [[Category:Symptoms and signs: Nervous system]] | ||
Latest revision as of 22:36, 3 April 2025
| Dissociated sensory loss | |
|---|---|
| Synonyms | |
| Pronounce | N/A |
| Specialty | Neurology |
| Symptoms | Loss of pain and temperature sensation, preserved vibration and proprioception |
| Complications | N/A |
| Onset | N/A |
| Duration | N/A |
| Types | N/A |
| Causes | Syringomyelia, Brown-Séquard syndrome, Tabes dorsalis |
| Risks | N/A |
| Diagnosis | Neurological examination, MRI |
| Differential diagnosis | N/A |
| Prevention | N/A |
| Treatment | Depends on underlying cause |
| Medication | N/A |
| Prognosis | Variable, depending on cause |
| Frequency | Rare |
| Deaths | N/A |
Dissociated Sensory Loss
Dissociated sensory loss is a neurological condition characterized by the loss of certain types of sensory modalities while others remain intact. This phenomenon is often associated with specific types of spinal cord lesions or neurological disorders.
Pathophysiology
Dissociated sensory loss typically involves the loss of either pain and temperature sensation or proprioception and vibration sense, but not both. This occurs due to the distinct pathways these sensory modalities take within the central nervous system.
Spinothalamic Tract
The spinothalamic tract is responsible for transmitting pain and temperature sensations. Lesions affecting this tract, such as those seen in syringomyelia, can lead to a loss of these sensations while sparing proprioception and vibration sense.
Dorsal Columns
The dorsal columns carry proprioceptive and vibration information. Damage to these pathways, as seen in conditions like tabes dorsalis, results in the loss of these modalities while pain and temperature sensation remain unaffected.
Clinical Presentation
Patients with dissociated sensory loss may present with a variety of symptoms depending on the underlying cause and location of the lesion. Common presentations include:
- Loss of pain and temperature sensation in a "cape-like" distribution in the case of syringomyelia.
- Preservation of proprioception and vibration sense despite the loss of other sensory modalities.
Causes
Several conditions can lead to dissociated sensory loss, including:
Diagnosis
Diagnosis of dissociated sensory loss involves a thorough neurological examination to assess the specific sensory deficits. Imaging studies such as MRI may be used to identify structural lesions in the spinal cord or brain.
Treatment
Treatment of dissociated sensory loss focuses on addressing the underlying cause. For example, surgical intervention may be necessary for syringomyelia, while medical management is used for conditions like multiple sclerosis.
Related Pages
WikiMD neurology
External links
- Comprehensive information from the National Institute of health.
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