Arylcyclohexylamine: Difference between revisions

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'''Arylcyclohexylamine''' is a class of [[psychedelic]] and [[dissociative]] drugs that contain a cyclohexylamine unit with an aryl moiety attachment. The class includes well-known drugs such as [[phencyclidine]] (PCP), [[ketamine]], and [[methoxetamine]] (MXE).
==Arylcyclohexylamine==


== History ==
[[File:Phencyclidine_structure.svg|thumb|right|Chemical structure of Phencyclidine, a well-known arylcyclohexylamine.]]


The first arylcyclohexylamine, [[phencyclidine]] (PCP), was discovered in 1956 by Parke Davis researchers. It was initially developed as a surgical anesthetic but was later withdrawn due to its potent hallucinogenic side effects. Following PCP, other arylcyclohexylamines such as [[ketamine]] and [[methoxetamine]] were developed.
'''Arylcyclohexylamines''' are a class of [[dissociative anesthetics]] that are chemically related to [[phencyclidine]] (PCP) and [[ketamine]]. These compounds are characterized by their ability to induce a state of [[dissociation]], where the user experiences a detachment from reality, often accompanied by hallucinations and altered perceptions of time and space.


== Structure and Chemistry ==
==Chemical Structure==


Arylcyclohexylamines are characterized by a cyclohexylamine unit with an aryl moiety. The aryl group is often a phenyl ring, but can also be other aromatic rings such as naphthyl. The cyclohexylamine unit is a six-membered ring with one nitrogen atom, and the aryl group is attached to one of the carbon atoms on the ring.
Arylcyclohexylamines are defined by their core structure, which consists of a cyclohexane ring bound to an aryl group and an amine group. This structure is responsible for their pharmacological effects. The general formula can be represented as follows:


== Pharmacology ==
[[File:acha_markush.png|thumb|left|General structure of arylcyclohexylamines.]]


Arylcyclohexylamines primarily act as [[NMDA receptor antagonist]]s. The NMDA receptor is a type of ionotropic glutamate receptor, and its antagonism leads to the dissociative effects seen with these drugs. Some arylcyclohexylamines also have activity at other receptors, such as the [[serotonin]] and [[dopamine]] receptors.
The cyclohexane ring provides the backbone of the molecule, while the aryl group and amine group contribute to the compound's activity at the [[NMDA receptor]], which is a key target for their anesthetic and psychoactive effects.


== Uses ==
==Pharmacology==


While some arylcyclohexylamines have been used medically, such as [[ketamine]] for anesthesia and pain management, many are used recreationally for their hallucinogenic and dissociative effects. They are often used in a similar manner to other hallucinogens like [[LSD]] and [[psilocybin]].
Arylcyclohexylamines primarily act as [[NMDA receptor antagonists]]. By blocking these receptors, they inhibit the action of the neurotransmitter [[glutamate]], which is involved in excitatory signaling in the brain. This blockade leads to the dissociative effects characteristic of these compounds.


== Risks and Side Effects ==
==Common Arylcyclohexylamines==


The use of arylcyclohexylamines can lead to a number of side effects, including hallucinations, confusion, and loss of coordination. In high doses, they can cause more serious effects such as psychosis and physical harm due to loss of motor control. Long-term use can lead to cognitive impairment and psychological dependence.
Several arylcyclohexylamines have been synthesized and studied for their pharmacological properties. Some of the most notable include:


[[Category:Psychedelic drugs]]
* '''Phencyclidine (PCP)''': Originally developed as an anesthetic, PCP is now primarily known for its recreational use and potential for abuse.
 
* '''Ketamine''': Widely used in both human and veterinary medicine as an anesthetic, ketamine is also used recreationally and has been studied for its antidepressant effects.
 
* '''Eticyclidine (PCE)''':
 
[[File:Eticyclidine.svg|thumb|right|Chemical structure of Eticyclidine.]]
 
  A derivative of PCP, PCE has similar effects but is less commonly encountered.
 
* '''4-Methyl-PCP''':
 
[[File:4methylPCPisomer_structure.png|thumb|left|Chemical structure of 4-Methyl-PCP.]]
 
  A potent analog of PCP, known for its strong dissociative effects.
 
* '''PCPr''':
 
[[File:PCPr_structure.svg|thumb|right|Chemical structure of PCPr.]]
 
  Another analog of PCP, with a longer duration of action.
 
* '''PCiP''':
 
[[File:PCiP_structure.png|thumb|left|Chemical structure of PCiP.]]
 
  A less common analog with unique pharmacological properties.
 
==Clinical and Recreational Use==
 
Arylcyclohexylamines have been used in clinical settings primarily as anesthetics. However, their potential for abuse and the risk of adverse psychological effects have limited their use. Recreationally, these compounds are sought after for their hallucinogenic and dissociative effects, but they carry significant risks, including [[neurotoxicity]], [[addiction]], and [[psychosis]].
 
==Safety and Legal Status==
 
The legal status of arylcyclohexylamines varies by country. Many of these compounds are controlled substances due to their potential for abuse and harmful effects. In clinical settings, their use is carefully regulated to minimize risks to patients.
 
==Related Pages==
 
* [[Dissociative drug]]
* [[NMDA receptor antagonist]]
* [[Phencyclidine]]
* [[Ketamine]]
 
[[Category:Arylcyclohexylamines]]
[[Category:Dissociative drugs]]
[[Category:Dissociative drugs]]
[[Category:Arylcyclohexylamines]]
{{Psychedelic drug}}
{{Dissociative drug}}
{{Arylcyclohexylamine}}
{{stub}}
<gallery>
File:Phencyclidine_structure.svg|Arylcyclohexylamine
File:acha_markush.png|Arylcyclohexylamine
File:4methylPCPisomer_structure.png|Arylcyclohexylamine
File:PCA_structure.png|Arylcyclohexylamine
File:PCM_structure.png|Arylcyclohexylamine
File:Eticyclidine.svg|Arylcyclohexylamine
File:PCPr_structure.svg|Arylcyclohexylamine
File:PCiP_structure.png|Arylcyclohexylamine
File:PCAL_structure.png|Arylcyclohexylamine
File:PCBu_structure.png|Arylcyclohexylamine
File:PCEOH_structure.png|Arylcyclohexylamine
File:PCMEA_structure.png|Arylcyclohexylamine
</gallery>
== Arylcyclohexylamine ==
<gallery>
File:Phencyclidine_structure.svg|Phencyclidine structure
File:acha_markush.png|Arylcyclohexylamine
File:4methylPCPisomer_structure.png|4-Methyl-PCP isomer structure
File:PCA_structure.png|PCA structure
File:PCM_structure.png|PCM structure
File:Eticyclidine.svg|Eticyclidine structure
File:PCPr_structure.svg|PCPr structure
File:PCiP_structure.png|PCiP structure
File:PCAL_structure.png|PCAL structure
File:PCBu_structure.png|PCBu structure
File:PCEOH_structure.png|PCEOH structure
File:PCMEA_structure.png|PCMEA structure
</gallery>

Latest revision as of 10:48, 23 March 2025

Arylcyclohexylamine[edit]

Chemical structure of Phencyclidine, a well-known arylcyclohexylamine.

Arylcyclohexylamines are a class of dissociative anesthetics that are chemically related to phencyclidine (PCP) and ketamine. These compounds are characterized by their ability to induce a state of dissociation, where the user experiences a detachment from reality, often accompanied by hallucinations and altered perceptions of time and space.

Chemical Structure[edit]

Arylcyclohexylamines are defined by their core structure, which consists of a cyclohexane ring bound to an aryl group and an amine group. This structure is responsible for their pharmacological effects. The general formula can be represented as follows:

General structure of arylcyclohexylamines.

The cyclohexane ring provides the backbone of the molecule, while the aryl group and amine group contribute to the compound's activity at the NMDA receptor, which is a key target for their anesthetic and psychoactive effects.

Pharmacology[edit]

Arylcyclohexylamines primarily act as NMDA receptor antagonists. By blocking these receptors, they inhibit the action of the neurotransmitter glutamate, which is involved in excitatory signaling in the brain. This blockade leads to the dissociative effects characteristic of these compounds.

Common Arylcyclohexylamines[edit]

Several arylcyclohexylamines have been synthesized and studied for their pharmacological properties. Some of the most notable include:

  • Phencyclidine (PCP): Originally developed as an anesthetic, PCP is now primarily known for its recreational use and potential for abuse.
  • Ketamine: Widely used in both human and veterinary medicine as an anesthetic, ketamine is also used recreationally and has been studied for its antidepressant effects.
  • Eticyclidine (PCE):
Chemical structure of Eticyclidine.
 A derivative of PCP, PCE has similar effects but is less commonly encountered.
  • 4-Methyl-PCP:
Chemical structure of 4-Methyl-PCP.
 A potent analog of PCP, known for its strong dissociative effects.
  • PCPr:
Chemical structure of PCPr.
 Another analog of PCP, with a longer duration of action.
  • PCiP:
Chemical structure of PCiP.
 A less common analog with unique pharmacological properties.

Clinical and Recreational Use[edit]

Arylcyclohexylamines have been used in clinical settings primarily as anesthetics. However, their potential for abuse and the risk of adverse psychological effects have limited their use. Recreationally, these compounds are sought after for their hallucinogenic and dissociative effects, but they carry significant risks, including neurotoxicity, addiction, and psychosis.

Safety and Legal Status[edit]

The legal status of arylcyclohexylamines varies by country. Many of these compounds are controlled substances due to their potential for abuse and harmful effects. In clinical settings, their use is carefully regulated to minimize risks to patients.

Related Pages[edit]

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