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| A '''caloric deficit''' is any shortage in the amount of [[calories]] consumed relative to the amount of calories required for maintenance of current body weight ([[energy homeostasis]]).
| | {{Short description|The state of consuming fewer calories than the body needs to maintain its current weight}} |
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| A deficit can be created by reducing input/calories consumed (lower food intake, aka [[dieting]]).<ref>{{cite web|title=Counting calories: Get back to weight-loss basics|publisher=Mayo Clinic|access-date=12 January 2019|url=http://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-living/weight-loss/in-depth/calories/art-20048065}}</ref> A deficit can also be created by increasing output without a corresponding increase in input. Increased output is created by increasing physical activity,<ref name=":0" /> from increased caloric requirements necessary to heal an injury,{{cn|date=June 2019}} or from growth.<ref>{{Cite web|title = CALORIC NEEDS|url = http://www.utmb.edu/pedi_ed/CORE/Nutrition/page_08.htm|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160531084040/https://www.utmb.edu/pedi_ed/CORE/Nutrition/page_08.htm|archivedate=31 May 2016|website = www.utmb.edu|accessdate = 2015-07-09}}</ref> There are also some substances, including [[Caffeine]], which can create a small (3-5%)<ref>{{Cite journal|title = Normal caffeine consumption: influence on thermogenesis and daily energy expenditure in lean and postobese human volunteers.|url = http://ajcn.nutrition.org/content/49/1/44|journal = The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition|date = 1989-01-01|issn = 0002-9165|pmid = 2912010|pages = 44–50|volume = 49|issue = 1|first = A. G.|last = Dulloo|first2 = C. A.|last2 = Geissler|first3 = T.|last3 = Horton|first4 = A.|last4 = Collins|first5 = D. S.|last5 = Miller|doi=10.1093/ajcn/49.1.44}}</ref> increase in caloric expenditure, via a variety of pathways that include increasing physical activity levels and increasing [[Thermogenesis]] (heat output), and/or by reducing caloric input via appetite suppression.<ref>{{cite journal | last=Schrader | first=Patrick | last2=Panek | first2=Leah M. | last3=Temple | first3=Jennifer L. | title=Acute and chronic caffeine administration increases physical activity in sedentary adults | journal=Nutrition Research | publisher=Elsevier BV | volume=33 | issue=6 | year=2013 | issn=0271-5317 | doi=10.1016/j.nutres.2013.04.003 | pages=457–463 | ref=harv}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite web|title = Dietary Supplements for Weight Loss — Health Professional Fact Sheet|url = https://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/WeightLoss-HealthProfessional/|website = ods.od.nih.gov|accessdate = 2015-07-09}}</ref> Drugs and [[Herbalism|herbal]] treatments creating a more extreme metabolic effect exist; however, they cause extreme increases of heart rate and thermogenesis that can cause death in even very healthy and athletic individuals, and these drugs are not widely sold.<ref name=":1" /><ref>{{Cite journal|title = Clinical features and treatment in patients with acute 2,4-dinitrophenol poisoning|journal = Journal of Zhejiang University. Science. B|date=March 2011|issn = 1673-1581|pmc = 3048933|pmid = 21370503|pages = 189–192|volume = 12|issue = 3|doi = 10.1631/jzus.B1000265|first = Yuan-qiang|last = Lu|first2 = Jiu-kun|last2 = Jiang|first3 = Wei-dong|last3 = Huang}}</ref>
| | ==Caloric Deficit== |
| | A '''caloric deficit''' occurs when an individual consumes fewer [[calories]] than their body requires to maintain its current [[weight]]. This state is essential for [[weight loss]], as it forces the body to utilize stored energy, primarily in the form of [[body fat]], to meet its energy needs. |
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| As the calories required for [[energy homeostasis]] decreases as the organisms's mass decreases, if a moderate deficit is maintained eventually a new (lower) weight will be reached and maintained, and the organism will no longer be at caloric deficit.<ref name=":0">{{cite journal|title=Metabolic and Behavioral Compensations in Response to Caloric Restriction: Implications for the Maintenance of Weight Loss|journal=PLOS ONE|date=February 9, 2009|doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0004377|volume=4|pmid=19198647|pmc=2634841 | last1 = Redman | first1 = LM | author1-link=Leanne Redman | last2 = Heilbronn | first2 = LK | last3 = Martin | first3 = CK | last4 = de Jonge | first4 = L | last5 = Williamson | first5 = DA | last6 = Delany | first6 = JP | last7 = Ravussin | first7 = E}}</ref> A permanent severe deficit, on the other hand, which contains too few calories to maintain a healthy weight level, will eventually result in [[starvation]] and death.{{cn|date=June 2019}}
| | ==Mechanism== |
| | The body requires a certain amount of energy, measured in calories, to perform basic functions such as [[breathing]], [[circulation]], and [[digestion]], as well as to support [[physical activity]]. This total energy expenditure is known as the [[Total Daily Energy Expenditure]] (TDEE). When caloric intake is less than the TDEE, the body enters a caloric deficit. |
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| To reduce 1 kg of weight, about 7000 kcal deficit is required.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books/about/Joslin_s_Diabetes_Mellitus.html?id=ohgjG0qAvfgC|title=Joslin's Diabetes Mellitus: Edited by C. Ronald Kahn ... [et Al.].|last=Joslin|first=Elliott Proctor|last2=Kahn|first2=C. Ronald|date=2005-01-01|publisher=Lippincott Williams & Wilkins|isbn=9780781727969}}</ref>
| | In response to a caloric deficit, the body begins to break down stored [[glycogen]] and [[fat]] to release energy. Initially, glycogen stores in the [[liver]] and [[muscles]] are used, but as these deplete, the body increasingly relies on fat stores, leading to weight loss. |
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| ==See also== | | ==Creating a Caloric Deficit== |
| *[[Weight loss]]
| | A caloric deficit can be achieved through a combination of [[diet]] and [[exercise]]. |
| *[[Diet (nutrition)|Diet]]
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| *[[Nutrition]]
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| *[[Exercise]]
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| ==References== | | ===Diet=== |
| {{Reflist}}
| | Reducing caloric intake can be accomplished by consuming fewer [[high-calorie foods]] and increasing the intake of [[low-calorie]], [[nutrient-dense foods]] such as [[vegetables]], [[fruits]], and [[lean proteins]]. Portion control and mindful eating can also help in maintaining a caloric deficit. |
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| | ===Exercise=== |
| | Increasing physical activity raises the number of calories the body uses, contributing to a caloric deficit. Activities such as [[aerobic exercise]], [[strength training]], and [[high-intensity interval training]] (HIIT) are effective in increasing caloric expenditure. |
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| | ==Health Implications== |
| | While a caloric deficit is necessary for weight loss, it is important to ensure that the deficit is not too extreme. Severe caloric restriction can lead to [[nutrient deficiencies]], [[muscle loss]], and [[metabolic slowdown]]. A moderate caloric deficit, combined with a balanced diet and regular exercise, is recommended for sustainable weight loss. |
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| | ==Related Pages== |
| | * [[Weight loss]] |
| | * [[Metabolism]] |
| | * [[Dieting]] |
| | * [[Exercise]] |
| | * [[Nutrition]] |
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| | [[Category:Nutrition]] |
| [[Category:Weight loss]] | | [[Category:Weight loss]] |
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The state of consuming fewer calories than the body needs to maintain its current weight
Caloric Deficit[edit]
A caloric deficit occurs when an individual consumes fewer calories than their body requires to maintain its current weight. This state is essential for weight loss, as it forces the body to utilize stored energy, primarily in the form of body fat, to meet its energy needs.
Mechanism[edit]
The body requires a certain amount of energy, measured in calories, to perform basic functions such as breathing, circulation, and digestion, as well as to support physical activity. This total energy expenditure is known as the Total Daily Energy Expenditure (TDEE). When caloric intake is less than the TDEE, the body enters a caloric deficit.
In response to a caloric deficit, the body begins to break down stored glycogen and fat to release energy. Initially, glycogen stores in the liver and muscles are used, but as these deplete, the body increasingly relies on fat stores, leading to weight loss.
Creating a Caloric Deficit[edit]
A caloric deficit can be achieved through a combination of diet and exercise.
Reducing caloric intake can be accomplished by consuming fewer high-calorie foods and increasing the intake of low-calorie, nutrient-dense foods such as vegetables, fruits, and lean proteins. Portion control and mindful eating can also help in maintaining a caloric deficit.
Exercise[edit]
Increasing physical activity raises the number of calories the body uses, contributing to a caloric deficit. Activities such as aerobic exercise, strength training, and high-intensity interval training (HIIT) are effective in increasing caloric expenditure.
Health Implications[edit]
While a caloric deficit is necessary for weight loss, it is important to ensure that the deficit is not too extreme. Severe caloric restriction can lead to nutrient deficiencies, muscle loss, and metabolic slowdown. A moderate caloric deficit, combined with a balanced diet and regular exercise, is recommended for sustainable weight loss.
Related Pages[edit]
