Epithelioid trophoblastic tumour: Difference between revisions
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{{ | {{Short description|A rare type of gestational trophoblastic disease}} | ||
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'''Epithelioid trophoblastic | '''Epithelioid trophoblastic tumour''' (ETT) is a rare form of [[gestational trophoblastic disease]] (GTD), which is a group of rare tumors that involve abnormal growth of cells inside a woman's uterus. ETT is characterized by the proliferation of intermediate trophoblastic cells that resemble carcinoma cells. | ||
== | ==Pathophysiology== | ||
ETT arises from the [[intermediate trophoblast]], which is a type of cell that forms part of the [[placenta]] during pregnancy. These cells are responsible for anchoring the placenta to the uterine wall. In ETT, these cells undergo neoplastic transformation, leading to the formation of a tumor. The tumor cells in ETT are typically monomorphic and epithelioid in appearance, which means they resemble epithelial cells. | |||
== | ==Clinical Presentation== | ||
Patients with ETT may present with irregular [[vaginal bleeding]], which is the most common symptom. Other symptoms can include an enlarged uterus, pelvic pain, or symptoms related to metastasis if the disease has spread. ETT can occur months to years after a [[pregnancy]], including normal pregnancies, [[miscarriages]], or [[molar pregnancies]]. | |||
==Diagnosis== | ==Diagnosis== | ||
The diagnosis of ETT is challenging due to its rarity and the overlap of its features with other types of GTD. Diagnosis typically involves a combination of clinical evaluation, imaging studies, and histopathological examination. [[Ultrasound]] and [[MRI]] may be used to assess the extent of the disease. Histologically, ETT is characterized by nests and cords of monomorphic intermediate trophoblastic cells with abundant eosinophilic cytoplasm and distinct cell borders. | |||
==Treatment== | ==Treatment== | ||
The primary treatment for ETT is surgical removal of the tumor, often through a [[hysterectomy]]. Due to the potential for metastasis, additional treatments such as [[chemotherapy]] may be considered, especially in cases where the disease has spread beyond the uterus. The choice of chemotherapy regimen can vary, but it often includes agents used in the treatment of other forms of GTD. | |||
==Prognosis== | ==Prognosis== | ||
The prognosis for patients with ETT depends on several factors, including the stage of the disease at diagnosis and the presence of metastasis. Early-stage ETT that is confined to the uterus and treated with surgery generally has a good prognosis. However, metastatic ETT can be more challenging to treat and may have a poorer outcome. | |||
== | ==Related pages== | ||
* [[Gestational trophoblastic disease]] | |||
* [[Choriocarcinoma]] | |||
* [[Placental site trophoblastic tumor]] | |||
* [[Hydatidiform mole]] | |||
[[Category: | [[Category:Gestational trophoblastic disease]] | ||
[[Category:Rare | [[Category:Rare cancers]] | ||
Revision as of 19:16, 22 March 2025
A rare type of gestational trophoblastic disease
Epithelioid trophoblastic tumour (ETT) is a rare form of gestational trophoblastic disease (GTD), which is a group of rare tumors that involve abnormal growth of cells inside a woman's uterus. ETT is characterized by the proliferation of intermediate trophoblastic cells that resemble carcinoma cells.
Pathophysiology
ETT arises from the intermediate trophoblast, which is a type of cell that forms part of the placenta during pregnancy. These cells are responsible for anchoring the placenta to the uterine wall. In ETT, these cells undergo neoplastic transformation, leading to the formation of a tumor. The tumor cells in ETT are typically monomorphic and epithelioid in appearance, which means they resemble epithelial cells.
Clinical Presentation
Patients with ETT may present with irregular vaginal bleeding, which is the most common symptom. Other symptoms can include an enlarged uterus, pelvic pain, or symptoms related to metastasis if the disease has spread. ETT can occur months to years after a pregnancy, including normal pregnancies, miscarriages, or molar pregnancies.
Diagnosis
The diagnosis of ETT is challenging due to its rarity and the overlap of its features with other types of GTD. Diagnosis typically involves a combination of clinical evaluation, imaging studies, and histopathological examination. Ultrasound and MRI may be used to assess the extent of the disease. Histologically, ETT is characterized by nests and cords of monomorphic intermediate trophoblastic cells with abundant eosinophilic cytoplasm and distinct cell borders.
Treatment
The primary treatment for ETT is surgical removal of the tumor, often through a hysterectomy. Due to the potential for metastasis, additional treatments such as chemotherapy may be considered, especially in cases where the disease has spread beyond the uterus. The choice of chemotherapy regimen can vary, but it often includes agents used in the treatment of other forms of GTD.
Prognosis
The prognosis for patients with ETT depends on several factors, including the stage of the disease at diagnosis and the presence of metastasis. Early-stage ETT that is confined to the uterus and treated with surgery generally has a good prognosis. However, metastatic ETT can be more challenging to treat and may have a poorer outcome.
