Growing teratoma syndrome

Growing teratoma syndrome (GTS) is a rare condition that occurs in individuals who have been treated for germ cell tumors. The syndrome is characterized by an increase in the size of the tumor during or after chemotherapy, despite normal levels of tumor markers.

Etiology

The exact cause of growing teratoma syndrome is unknown. It is thought to occur when chemotherapy kills the malignant cells in a germ cell tumor, but leaves behind mature teratoma cells that continue to grow.

Symptoms

The symptoms of growing teratoma syndrome can vary depending on the location and size of the tumor. Common symptoms include abdominal pain, bloating, and a palpable mass. In some cases, the growing tumor can cause complications such as bowel obstruction or respiratory distress.

Diagnosis

Diagnosis of growing teratoma syndrome is based on clinical findings, imaging studies, and tumor marker levels. Imaging studies such as CT scan or MRI are used to detect an increase in the size of the tumor. Normal levels of tumor markers such as alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) and human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) in the presence of a growing tumor suggest the diagnosis of GTS.

Treatment

The primary treatment for growing teratoma syndrome is surgical removal of the tumor. In some cases, additional chemotherapy may be needed if malignant cells are found in the removed tumor.

Prognosis

The prognosis for individuals with growing teratoma syndrome is generally good if the entire tumor can be surgically removed. However, the condition can be life-threatening if the tumor causes serious complications or if malignant cells are found in the removed tumor.

See also

• Germ cell tumor
• Chemotherapy
• Teratoma

References

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