Exosome

Exosome

The Exosome is a complex of ribonucleases that is involved in RNA processing and degradation. It is found in both eukaryotic cells and archaea, while a similar complex, the degradosome, is found in bacteria. The core of the exosome contains a six-membered ring structure to which other proteins are attached.

Structure

The exosome complex is made up of two parts: a core and a cap. The core is a ring structure that contains six different proteins. These proteins are all ribonucleases, enzymes that can break down RNA. The cap is made up of three different proteins that help guide the RNA into the core for degradation.

Function

The main function of the exosome is to degrade RNA. This can include messenger RNA (mRNA), ribosomal RNA (rRNA), and transfer RNA (tRNA). The exosome is also involved in the processing of these types of RNA. For example, it can help to remove unneeded sections of RNA, a process known as RNA splicing.

Role in Disease

Mutations in the genes that code for exosome components can lead to disease. For example, mutations in the exosome component 3 (EXOSC3) gene can cause pontocerebellar hypoplasia, a severe neurological disorder. Research is ongoing to better understand the role of the exosome in disease and to develop potential treatments.

See Also

• Ribonuclease
• RNA Splicing
• Pontocerebellar Hypoplasia

References

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