The Rheumatoid Arthritis Quality of Life Questionnaire

The Rheumatoid Arthritis Quality of Life Questionnaire
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Purpose	determine quality of life with Rheumatoid Arthritis
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The Rheumatoid Arthritis Quality of Life Questionnaire (RAQoL) is a disease specific patient-reported outcome measure which determines the effect rheumatoid arthritis has on a patient’s quality of life.<ref>de Jong, Z.,

 The reliability and construct validity of the RAQoL: a rheumatoid arthritis-specific quality of life instrument., 
 Rheumatology, 
 1997,
 Vol. 36(Issue: 8),
 pp. 878–883,
 DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/36.8.878,
 
 
 
 Full text,</ref> The RAQoL has 30 items with a yes and no response format<ref>Adams, Jo, 
 Literacy levels required to complete routinely used patient-reported outcome measures in rheumatology, 
 Rheumatology, 
 2013,
 Vol. 52(Issue: 3),
 pp. 460–464,
 DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/kes296,
 PMID: 23118412,
 
 
 Full text,</ref> and takes about six minutes to complete.<ref>de Jong, Z., 
 The reliability and construct validity of the RAQoL: a rheumatoid arthritis-specific quality of life instrument., 
 Rheumatology, 
 1997,
 Vol. 36(Issue: 8),
 pp. 878–883,
 DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/36.8.878,
 
 
 
 Full text,</ref>

Scores on the RAQoL are a sum of all the individual item scores with a range from 0-30, with a lower score indicating better quality of life.<ref>Tijhuis, G.J.,

 The validity of the Rheumatoid Arthritis Quality of Life (RAQoL) questionnaire, 
 Rheumatology, 
 2001,
 Vol. 40(Issue: 10),
 pp. 1112–1119,
 DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/40.10.1112,
 
 
 
 Full text,</ref> The RAQoL is a self-assessment questionnaire, meaning patients fill out the survey themselves in order to avoid experimental error.<ref>Maska, L., 
 Measures of functional status and quality of life in rheumatoid arthritis: Health Assessment Questionnaire Disability Index (HAQ), Modified Health Assessment Questionnaire (MHAQ), Multidimensional Health Assessment Questionnaire (MDHAQ), Health Assessment Questionnaire II (HAQ-II), Improved Health Assessment Questionnaire (Improved HAQ), and Rheumatoid Arthritis Quality of Life (RAQoL)., 
 Arthritis Care & Research, 
 
 Vol. 63(Issue: Supplement S11),
 pp. S4–S13,
 DOI: 10.1002/acr.20620,
 PMID: 22588760,</ref>

History

The RAQoL was developed by Galen Research, the University of Leeds and the Academic Hospital Maastricht, and was first published in 1997.<ref>Whalley, D.,

 Quality of life in rheumatoid arthritis., 
 Rheumatology, 
 1997,
 Vol. 36(Issue: 8),
 pp. 884–888,
 DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/36.8.884,
 
 
 
 Full text,</ref> It was the first patient completed quality of life questionnaire that focused on rheumatoid arthritis <ref>Marra, Carlo A., 
 A comparison of generic, indirect utility measures (the HUI2, HUI3, SF-6D, and the EQ-5D) and disease-specific instruments (the RAQoL and the HAQ) in rheumatoid arthritis., 
 Social Science & Medicine, 
 
 Vol. 60(Issue: 7),
 pp. 1571–1582,
 DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2004.08.034,
 PMID: 15652688,</ref> and is distinct from other questionnaires as it includes physical contact as a dimension of quality of life.<ref>Tijhuis, G.J., 
 The validity of the Rheumatoid Arthritis Quality of Life (RAQoL) questionnaire, 
 Rheumatology, 
 2001,
 Vol. 40(Issue: 10),
 pp. 1112–1119,
 DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/40.10.1112,
 
 
 
 Full text,</ref> Other dimensions include activities of daily living, social interaction/function, emotions, mood and recreation and pastimes.<ref>Lillegraven, Siri, 
 Measuring disability and quality of life in established rheumatoid arthritis., 
 Best Practice & Research Clinical Rheumatology., 
 
 Vol. 21(Issue: 5),
 pp. 827–840,
 DOI: 10.1016/j.berh.2007.05.004,
 PMID: 17870030,</ref>

International Use

Since its development, the RAQOL has been translated into 33 languages other than Dutch and UK English.<ref>

Measures Database(link). {{{website}}}. Galen Research.

</ref> Validation studies have been performed in countries such as Sweden,<ref>Eberhardt, Kerstin,

 Measuring health related quality of life in patients with rheumatoid arthritis – reliability, validity, and responsiveness of a Swedish version of RAQoL., 
 Scandinavian Journal of Rheumatology, 
 
 Vol. 31(Issue: 1),
 pp. 6–12,
 DOI: 10.1080/030097402317255291,
 PMID: 11922201,</ref> Argentina<ref>Waimann, Christian A., 
 Quality of life of patients with rheumatoid arthritis in Argentina: reliability, validity, and sensitivity to change of a Spanish version of the Rheumatoid Arthritis Quality of Life questionnaire., 
 Clinical Rheumatology, 
 
 Vol. 31(Issue: 7),
 pp. 1065–1071,
 DOI: 10.1007/s10067-013-2397-x,
 PMID: 24158632,
 
 
 Full text,</ref> and Australia<ref>Cox, S.R., 
 Adaptation of the RAQoL for use in Australia, 
 Rheumatology International, 
 
 Vol. 27(Issue: 7),
 pp. 661–666,
 DOI: 10.1007/s00296-006-0287-0,
 PMID: 17195065,</ref> in order to confirm the responsiveness and validity of the language adaptations.

The RAQoL has been used in clinical studies in order to confirm the efficacy of proposed treatments of rheumatoid arthritis. It has been utilized in order to confirm the efficacy of tocilizumab<ref>Dougados, Maxime,

 Adding tocilizumab or switching to tocilizumab monotherapy in methotrexate inadequate responders: 24-week symptomatic and structural results of a 2-year randomised controlled strategy trial in rheumatoid arthritis (ACT-RAY), 
 Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases, 
 2013,
 Vol. 72(Issue: 1),
 pp. 43–50,
 DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2011-201282,
 PMID: 22562983,
 PMC: 3551223,</ref><ref>, 
 Efficacy of tocilizumab in patients with rheumatoid arthritis, 
 Current Controlled Trials, 
 
 
 
 DOI: 10.1186/ISRCTN21216199,
 
 
 
 Full text,</ref> and infliximab.<ref>Quinn, Mark A., 
 Very early treatment with infliximab in addition to methotrexate in early, poor-prognosis rheumatoid arthritis reduces magnetic resonance imaging evidence of synovitis and damage, with sustained benefit after infliximab withdrawal: Results from a twelve-month randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial, 
 Arthritis & Rheumatism, 
 
 Vol. 52(Issue: 1),
 pp. 27–35,
 DOI: 10.1002/art.20712,
 PMID: 15641102,</ref><ref>Bejarano, Victoria, 
 Benefits 8 years after a remission induction regime with an infliximab and methotrexate combination in early rheumatoid arthritis., 
 Rheumatology, 
 2010,
 Vol. 49(Issue: 10),
 pp. 1971–1974,
 DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/keq194,
 PMID: 20595536,
 
 
 Full text,</ref>

References

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