TEAD4

TEAD4 (TEA Domain Family Member 4) is a transcription factor that plays a crucial role in embryonic development, cell proliferation, and gene expression regulation. It belongs to the TEAD family of transcription factors, which are characterized by a highly conserved DNA-binding domain known as the TEA/ATTS domain. TEAD4 is involved in various biological processes, including the Hippo signaling pathway, which is significant for organ size control, stem cell function, and tissue regeneration.

Function

TEAD4 is essential for early embryogenesis, particularly in the process of trophectoderm formation, a critical step in the development of the placenta. It acts by binding to the YAP1 and TAZ co-activators, which are part of the Hippo signaling pathway, to regulate the expression of target genes that control cell growth, apoptosis, and organ size. The interaction between TEAD4 and its co-activators is pivotal for the transcriptional activation of genes involved in cell proliferation and survival.

Gene and Expression

The TEAD4 gene is located on chromosome 12 in humans. Its expression is tightly regulated and occurs in various tissues, including the heart, lung, and ovary, indicating its importance in both embryonic development and adult tissue homeostasis. Aberrant expression of TEAD4 has been associated with several types of cancer, suggesting that it plays a role in tumorigenesis.

Clinical Significance

Alterations in the expression or function of TEAD4 can lead to developmental abnormalities and diseases. In cancer, TEAD4 can act as an oncogene, promoting tumor growth and progression by enhancing cell proliferation and inhibiting apoptosis. Its role in the Hippo pathway also implicates it in the regulation of organ size and tissue regeneration, making it a potential target for therapeutic interventions in diseases characterized by excessive cell growth or tissue damage.

Research

Research on TEAD4 has focused on understanding its role in embryogenesis, the Hippo signaling pathway, and cancer. Studies have explored its potential as a therapeutic target, with efforts to develop small molecule inhibitors that can modulate its activity. Additionally, TEAD4's involvement in cell differentiation and tissue regeneration offers promising avenues for regenerative medicine and cancer treatment.

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