ENTPD2

Ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 2 (ENTPD2), also known as CD39L1 or NTPDase2, is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the ENTPD2 gene. This enzyme belongs to the family of ectonucleotidases, which play a crucial role in purinergic signaling by hydrolyzing extracellular nucleotides. Purinergic signaling is involved in various physiological processes, including neurotransmission, immune responses, and inflammation.

Function

ENTPD2 is an integral membrane protein that catalyzes the hydrolysis of nucleoside triphosphates and diphosphates to their respective monophosphates and inorganic phosphate. Specifically, it has a higher preference for ATP and ADP over other nucleotides. This enzymatic activity regulates the availability of extracellular nucleotides, which are known to act as signaling molecules by binding to purinergic receptors. By modulating the levels of extracellular ATP and ADP, ENTPD2 plays a significant role in controlling purinergic signaling pathways that influence various biological responses, including cell proliferation, apoptosis, and immune cell activation.

Clinical Significance

Alterations in the expression or activity of ENTPD2 have been implicated in several pathological conditions. Due to its role in purinergic signaling, dysregulation of ENTPD2 activity can contribute to the development of inflammatory diseases, cancer, and cardiovascular disorders. For instance, overexpression of ENTPD2 has been observed in certain types of cancer, where it may facilitate tumor progression by suppressing anti-tumor immune responses. Conversely, reduced ENTPD2 activity can lead to excessive inflammation by allowing the accumulation of extracellular ATP, which acts as a pro-inflammatory molecule.

Gene

The ENTPD2 gene is located on chromosome 9 in humans. It encodes the ENTPD2 protein, which is expressed in various tissues, with higher levels observed in immune cells and certain areas of the brain. The regulation of ENTPD2 gene expression is complex and can be influenced by various factors, including cytokines and growth factors, which may alter its expression in response to physiological and pathological conditions.

Therapeutic Potential

Given its role in modulating purinergic signaling, ENTPD2 represents a potential therapeutic target for treating diseases associated with dysregulated extracellular nucleotide levels. Pharmacological modulation of ENTPD2 activity could be beneficial in managing inflammatory diseases, cancer, and cardiovascular disorders. However, further research is needed to fully understand the mechanisms by which ENTPD2 influences disease processes and to develop effective strategies for targeting ENTPD2 in clinical settings.

See Also

• Ectonucleotidase
• Purinergic signaling
• Extracellular ATP
• CD39

References

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