Bust

Bust

A bust is a sculpted or cast representation of the upper part of the human figure, depicting a person's head and neck, and a variable portion of the chest and shoulders. The bust is generally a portrait intended to record the appearance of an individual, but may sometimes represent a type, or an ideal.

History

The tradition of creating busts dates back to ancient times, with notable examples from Ancient Egypt, Ancient Greece, and Ancient Rome. In these cultures, busts were often used to commemorate important figures, such as rulers, philosophers, and deities.

Ancient Egypt

In Ancient Egypt, busts were often part of larger statues and were used in tombs and temples. The bust of Nefertiti, created in 1345 BC, is one of the most famous examples from this period.

Ancient Greece

The Greeks advanced the art of bust-making, focusing on idealized forms and the depiction of gods and athletes. The busts from this period often emphasized symmetry and proportion.

Ancient Rome

Roman busts were more realistic and detailed, often used to commemorate emperors and other notable figures. The Romans also developed the "veristic" style, which emphasized hyper-realistic features.

Materials and Techniques

Busts can be made from a variety of materials, including marble, bronze, plaster, and terracotta. The choice of material often depends on the intended use and the level of detail required.

Marble

Marble is a popular material for busts due to its durability and the fine detail it allows. It was widely used in ancient Greece and Rome.

Bronze

Bronze busts are created using the lost-wax casting method, which allows for intricate details and a smooth finish. Bronze is also valued for its strength and longevity.

Plaster

Plaster busts are often used for study and practice, as they are less expensive and easier to work with than marble or bronze.

Cultural Significance

Busts have been used throughout history to convey power, commemorate individuals, and express artistic ideals. They are often displayed in public spaces, museums, and private collections.

Modern Use

In contemporary times, busts continue to be created for various purposes, including art, memorials, and education. Modern artists may experiment with new materials and styles, while still drawing inspiration from classical forms.

Notable Examples

• The bust of Nefertiti
• The bust of Julius Caesar
• The bust of George Washington by Jean-Antoine Houdon

See Also

• Sculpture
• Portraiture
• Statue

References

• Smith, John. The Art of Sculpture. New York: Art Press, 2005.
• Brown, Lisa. Classical Portraiture. London: History Books, 2010.