Template:Misinformation: Difference between revisions

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|name = Misinformation
|name = Misinformation
|title = [[Disinformation]] and [[misinformation]]
|title = [[Disinformation]] and [[misinformation]]
|state = {{{state<includeonly>|collapsed</includeonly>}}}
|state = {{{state<includeonly>|expanded</includeonly>}}}
|bodyclass = hlist
|bodyclass = hlist


| group1 = Types
<!-- 1. Core concepts -->
| list1 =
| group1 = Core content
| list1 =
* [[Disinformation]]
* [[Disinformation attack]]
* [[Propaganda]]
* [[Anti-vaccine activism]]
* [[COVID-19 misinformation]]
* [[Transgender health care misinformation]]
* [[Climate change denial]]
* [[Holocaust denial]]
* [[Disinformation in the Russian invasion of Ukraine]]
* [[Misinformation in the Gaza war]]
 
<!-- 2. Mechanisms -->
| group2 = Mechanisms
| list2 = child
 
<!-- 2.1 Psychological -->
| 2_group1 = Psychological
| 2_list1 =
* [[Cognitive bias]]
** [[List of cognitive biases|List]]
* [[Echo chamber (media)|Echo chamber]]
* [[Denialism]]
* [[Manipulation (psychology)|Manipulation]]
* [[Media bias]]
* [[Media culture]]
* [[Media manipulation]]
* [[Misinformation effect]]
* [[Political polarization]]
* [[Psychology of climate change denial]]
 
<!-- 2.2 Computational -->
| 2_group2 = Computational
| 2_list2 =  
* [[Algorithmic radicalization]]
* [[Algorithmic radicalization]]
* [[Alternative facts]]
* [[Content moderation]]
* [[Big lie]]
* [[Community notes]]
* [[Cherry picking]]
* [[Internet manipulation]]
* [[Programmatic advertising]]
* [[ Social bot]]
* [[Social networking service]]
** [[List of social networking services|List]]
* [[User-generated content]]
 
<!-- 2.3 Economic -->
| 2_group3 = Economic
| 2_list3 =
* [[Audience fragmentation]]
* [[Surveillance capitalism]]
 
<!-- 3. Tactics -->
| group3 = Tactics
| list3 =
* [[Astroturfing]]
* [[Big Lie]]
* [[Circular reporting]]
* [[Circular reporting]]
* [[Cognitive bias]]
* [[Clickbait]]
** [[List of cognitive biases]]
* [[Conspiracy theory]]
* [[Conspiracy theory]] ([[List of conspiracy theories|list]])
** [[List of conspiracy theories|List]]
* [[Culture war]]
* [[Deception]]
* [[Deception]]
* [[Denialism]]
* [[Deepfake]]
* [[Disinformation attack]]
* [[Disinformation playbook]]
* [[Dog whistle (politics)]]
* [[Doublespeak]]
* [[Doublespeak]]
* [[Euphemistic misspeaking]]
* [[Doxxing]]
* [[Factoid]]
* [[Fake news]]
* [[Fake news]]
** [[Fake news website|online]]
** [[Fake news website]]
** [[List of fake news websites|list of websites]]
** [[List of fake news websites]]
** [[Lying press]]
** [[List of satirical fake news websites]]
* [[Fallacy]]
** [[List of fallacies]]
* [[False accusation]]
* [[False accusation]]
* [[False dilemma]]
* [[False attribution]]
* [[False flag]]
* [[False balance]]
* [[Fear, uncertainty, and doubt]]
* [[Fear, uncertainty, and doubt]]
* [[Firehose of falsehood]]
* [[Firehose of falsehood]]
* [[Forgery as covert operation]]
* [[Forgery as covert operation]]
* [[Gaslighting]]
* [[Gaslighting]]
* [[Half-truth]]
* [[Greenwashing]]
* [[Historical negationism]]
* [[Historical negationism]]
* [[Information warfare]]
* Logic and reasoning
** [[Cherry picking]]
** [[False dilemma]]
** [[Gish gallop]]
** [[Half-truth]]
** [[Fallacy]]
** [[Formal fallacy]]
** [[Informal fallacy]]
** [[List of fallacies]]
** [[Quote mining]]
** [[Red herring]]
** [[Whataboutism]]
* [[Memetic warfare]]
* [[Pink-slime journalism]]
* [[Psychological warfare]]
* [[Propaganda]]
** [[Black propaganda]]
** [[Counterpropaganda]]
** [[State-sponsored Internet propaganda]]
** [[Perception management]]
* [[Rumors]]
* [[Spin (propaganda)]]
* [[Smear campaign]]
* [[Scientific fabrication]]
* [[Strategy of tension]]
* [[Yellow journalism]]
<!-- 4. Related terms -->
| group4 = Related terms
| list4 =
* [[Alternative facts]]
* [[Factoid]]
* [[Hoax]]
* [[Hoax]]
* [[Infodemic]]
* [[Infodemic]]
* [[Internet manipulation]]
* [[Malinformation]]
* [[Manipulation (psychology)]]
* [[Post-truth politics]]
* [[Media culture]]
* [[Media manipulation]]
* [[Potemkin village]]
* [[Potemkin village]]
* [[Post-truth politics]]
* [[Pseudoscience]]
* [[Psychological warfare]]
* [[Tabloid journalism]]
** [[Memetic warfare]]
** [[Military deception]]
* [[Propaganda]]
**[[black propaganda]]
**[[counterpropaganda]]
**[[State-sponsored Internet propaganda]]
* [[Quoting out of context|Quote mining]]
* [[Fabrication (science)|Scientific fabrication]]
* [[Smear campaign|Smearing]]
* [[Social bot]]
* [[Spin (propaganda)|Spin]]
* [[Truthiness]]
* [[Truthiness]]
* [[Urban legends and myths|Urban legend]]
 
* [[Whataboutism]]
<!-- 5. Targets & Campaigns -->
* [[Yellow journalism]]
| group5 = Targets & Campaigns
| group2 = Books and documentaries
| list5 = child
| list2 =
 
*[[Disinformation (book)|''Disinformation'' by Ion Mihai Pacepa]]
<!-- 5.1 International Politics -->
*[[Dezinformatsia (book)|''Dezinformatsia: Active Measures in Soviet Strategy'']]
| 5_group1 = International Politics
*''[[The KGB and Soviet Disinformation]]''
| 5_list1 =
* ''[[Who's Who in the CIA]]''
* [[Disinformation in the Russian invasion of Ukraine]]
*''[[Merchants of Doubt]]''
* [[Misinformation in the Gaza war]]
* ''[[After Truth: Disinformation and the Cost of Fake News]]''
* [[New World Order conspiracy theory]]
| group3 = Examples
* [[Russian disinformation]]
| list3 = child
  | 3_list1 =
* [[Bermuda Triangle]]
* [[Congo Free State propaganda war]]
* [[Climate change denial]]
* [[Free energy suppression conspiracy theory|Free energy suppression]]
* [[Genocide denial]]
* [[Genocide denial]]
** [[Holocaust denial]]
 
* [[Illuminati]]
<!-- 5.2 Politics by country -->
| 5_group2 = Politics by country
| 5_list2 =
* [[List of disinformation attacks by country]]
* [[List of political disinformation website campaigns]]
 
<!-- 5.3 Antisemitism -->
| 5_group3 = Antisemitism
| 5_list3 =
* [[Holocaust denial]]
* [[International Jewish conspiracy]]
* [[International Jewish conspiracy]]
* [[Misinformation in the Israel–Hamas war]]
 
* [[Disinformation in the Russian invasion of Ukraine]]
<!-- 5.4 Environmental science -->
* [[New World Order (conspiracy theory)|New World Order]]
| 5_group4 = Environmental science
| 5_list4 =
* [[Climate change denial]]
* Fossil fuel industry
** [[ExxonMobil climate change denial]]
** [[Fossil fuels lobby]]
* Leaded gasoline
** [[Ethyl Corporation]]
** [[Robert A. Kehoe]]
** [[Clair Cameron Patterson]]
* Pesticide industry
** [[Rachel Carson]]
** ''[[Silent Spring]]''
* [[Red mercury]]
* [[Red mercury]]
* [[Reptilian conspiracy theory|Reptilians]]
 
* [[Rothschild family#Conspiracy theories|Rothschilds]]
<!-- 5.5 Medicine and Public health -->
* [[Strategy of tension]]
| 5_group5 = Medicine and Public health
  | 3_list2 = child
| 5_list5 =
  | 3_2_group1= Health
* [[5G misinformation]]
  | 3_2_list1 =
* [[Anti-vaccine activism]]
* [[Misinformation related to 5G technology|5G]]
** [[Lancet MMR autism fraud]]
** [[Vaccines and autism]]
** [[Vaccine misinformation]]
* [[COVID-19 misinformation]]
* [[COVID-19 misinformation]]
**[[COVID-19 misinformation by governments|by governments]]
** [[COVID-19 misinformation by governments]]
* [[Ebola misinformation|Ebola]]
** [[COVID-19 vaccine misinformation and hesitancy]]
* [[Ebola misinformation]]
* [[GMO conspiracy theories]]
* [[HIV/AIDS denialism]]
* [[HIV/AIDS denialism]]
* [[Mental illness denial]]
* [[Mental illness denial]]
* [[Misinformation related to abortion]]
* [[Misinformation related to abortion]]
* [[Transgender health care misinformation|Transgender health care]]
* [[Tobacco industry playbook]]
* [[Vaccine misinformation|Vaccines]]
* [[Transgender health care misinformation]]
**[[Anti-vaccine activism|anti-vaccination]]
* [[Opposition to water fluoridation]]
**[[Vaccines and autism|autism]]
**[[COVID-19 vaccine misinformation and hesitancy|COVID-19]]
* [[Water fluoridation controversy]]


| group4 = Operations and events by country
<!-- 5.6 Journalism and journalists -->
| list4 = child
| 5_group6 = Journalism and journalists
  | 4_group1 =  Canada
| 5_list6 =
  | 4_list1 =  [[Jihadunspun.com]]
* [[Safety of journalists]]
 
* [[Maria Ressa]]
  | 4_group2 = China
* [[Daily Maverick]]
  | 4_list2  =
* [[Rappler]]
*[[Chinese information operations and information warfare|Chinese information operations]]
* [[The Quint]]
** [[50 Cent Party]]
** [[Cyberwarfare by China|cyberwarfare]]
** [[Little Pink]]
** [[Internet Water Army]]
** [[PLA Unit 61398]]
** [[Spamouflage]]
* [[COVID-19 misinformation by China|COVID-19]]
* ''[[Global Times]]''


  | 4_group3 =  Czechoslovakia
<!-- 5.7 Publication -->
  | 4_list3 =  [[Operation Neptune (espionage)|Operation Neptune]]
|5_group7 = Publications
 
|5_list7 = [[Publications about disinformation]]
  | 4_group4 = Germany
  | 4_list4  =
*[[Funkspiel]]
*[[Propaganda in Nazi Germany]]
*[[Myth of the clean Wehrmacht]]


  | 4_group5 =   India
<!-- 6. Countering disinformation -->
  | 4_list5 =
| group6 = Countering disinformation
*[[Fake news in India]]
| list6 =  
*[[Godi-media]]
* [[Academic research]]
*[[Paid news in India]]
* [[Critical thinking]]
*[[OpIndia]]
* [[Digital literacy]]
* [[Health literacy]]
* [[Information literacy]]
* [[Media literacy]]
* [[Science communication]]
* [[Scientific consensus]]
* [[Scientific literacy]]
** [[List of climate change video games]]
* [[Scientific skepticism]]
* [[Skepticism]]
* [[Truth sandwich]]
* [[Verificado 2018]]
* [[Watchdog journalism]]


  | 4_group6 = Israel
<!-- 7. Fact-checking and research -->
  | 4_list6 =   [[Team Jorge]]
| group7 = Fact-checking and research
| list7 = child


  | 4_group7 = Korea
<!-- 7.1 Fact-checking -->
  | 4_list7  = [[Voluntary Agency Network of Korea]]
| 7_group1 = Fact-checking
 
| 7_list1 =
  | 4_group8 = Kuwait
* Websites
  | 4_list8 = [[Fintas Group]]
** [[List of fact-checking websites]]


  | 4_group9 =  Mexico
* Non-profits and charities
  | 4_list9 =  [[Peñabot|Peñabots]]
** [[Africa Check]]
** [[FactCheck.org]]
** [[Full Fact]]
** [[PolitiFact]]
** [[USAFacts]]


  | 4_group10 =  Philippines
*Private companies
  | 4_list10 =
** [[Logically (company)]]
* [[COVID-19 misinformation in the Philippines]] ([[ChinaAngVirus disinformation campaign]])
** [[NewsGuard]]
* [[Fake news in the Philippines]]
** [[StopFake]]
* [[Historical distortion regarding Ferdinand Marcos]]


  | 4_group11 = [[Russian disinformation|Russia]] /<br />Soviet Union
* Other
  | 4_list11  =  child
** [[Bellingcat]]
    | 4_11_group1 = [[Soviet disinformation|Soviet era]]
** [[International Fact-Checking Network]]
    | 4_11_list1 =
** [[Media Bias/Fact Check]]
*[[Active measures|Active Measures]]
** [[Snopes]]
* [[K-1000 battleship]]
** [[Quackwatch]]
* [[Operation INFEKTION]]
** [[Projeto Comprova]]
* [[Operation Toucan (KGB)|Operation Toucan]]
* [[Seat 12]]
* [[Soviet influence on the peace movement]]
* [[U.S. Army Field Manual 30-31B]]
* [[Useful idiot]]
    | 4_11_group2 = [[Russian disinformation in the post-Soviet era|Post-Soviet era]]
    | 4_11_list2 =
* [[Cyberwarfare by Russia|Cyberwarfare]]
**[[2007 cyberattacks on Estonia|on Estonia]]
**[[Cyberattacks during the Russo-Georgian War|during the Russo-Georgian War]]
*[[Russian information war against Ukraine|Information war against Ukraine]]
** [[Disinformation in the Russian invasion of Ukraine]]
*On US elections
**[[Russian interference in the 2016 United States elections|2016]]
**[[Russian interference in the 2018 United States elections|2018]]
**[[Russian interference in the 2020 United States elections|2020]]
*[[Russian interference in the 2016 Brexit referendum|2016 Brexit referendum]]
* [[Russian Institute for Strategic Studies]]
* [[Internet Research Agency|Trolls from Olgino]]
* [[Russian web brigades|Web brigades]]


  | 4_group12 =   South Africa
<!-- 7.2 Research -->
  | 4_list12 = [[HIV/AIDS denialism in South Africa|HIV/AIDS denialism]]
| 7_group2 = Research
| 7_list2 =
* Canada
** [[Citizen Lab]]


  | 4_group13 =  Turkey
* EU
  | 4_list13 =
** [[East StratCom Task Force]]
*[[Conspiracy theories in Turkey|Conspiracy theories]]
*[[Media censorship and disinformation during the Gezi Park protests]]
*[[AK Trolls]]


  | 4_group14 = United Kingdom
* Finland
  | 4_list14 = * [[Bell Pottinger]]
** [[Faktabaari]]
* [[Double-Cross System]]
* [[Clockwork Orange (plot)|Clockwork Orange plot]]
* [[Euromyth]]
* [[Lancet MMR autism fraud|''Lancet'' MMR autism fraud]]
* [[Operation Mass Appeal]]
* [[Psychological Warfare Division]]
* [[Zinoviev letter]]
 
  | 4_group15 = United States
  | 4_list15  = *[[1995 CIA disinformation controversy]]
*[[Attempts to overturn the 2020 United States presidential election|Attempts to overturn the 2020 election]]
* [[Conspiracy theories in United States politics|Conspiracy theories]]
**[[9/11 conspiracy theories]]
**[[CIA Kennedy assassination conspiracy theory|CIA Kennedy assassination]]
**[[QAnon]]
**[[Sandy Hook Elementary School shooting conspiracy theories|Sandy Hook]]
*[[COVID-19 misinformation by the United States|COVID-19]]
* [[Fake news in the United States|Fake news]]
**[[Fake news websites in the United States|online]]
* [[Election denial movement in the United States]]
* [[The Freedom Fighter's Manual]]
* [[Habbush letter]]
* [[Information Operations Roadmap]]
* [[Litter boxes in schools hoax|Litter boxes in schools]]
* [[Mohamed Atta's alleged Prague connection]]
* [[Niger uranium forgeries]]
* [[Tobacco industry playbook]]
* [[Operation Shocker]]
* [[Yellow rain]]


  | 4_group16 =  Venezuela
* New Zealand
  | 4_list16 =  [[Bolivarian Army of Trolls]]
** [[The Disinformation Project]]


  | 4_group17 = Vietnam
* UK
  | 4_list17  = * [[Public opinion brigades]]
** [[Counter disinformation unit]]
* [[Force 47]]


* Ukraine
** [[Center for Countering Disinformation]]


|group5=Opposition
* USA
|list5=
** [[Active Measures Working Group]]
*[[Fact-checking]]
** [[Counter Misinformation Team]]
**[[Fact-checking website]]
** [[Disinformation Governance Board]]
*[[Active Measures Working Group]]
** ''[[Countering Foreign Propaganda and Disinformation Act]]''
*[[Counter disinformation unit]]
** [[United States Information Agency]]
*[[Counter Misinformation Team]]
*[[Countering Foreign Propaganda and Disinformation Act]]
* [[The Disinformation Project]]
*[[East StratCom Task Force]]
*[[FactCheck.org]]
*[[Full Fact]]
*[[Logically (company)|Logically]]
*[[NewsGuard]]
*[[PolitiFact]]
*[[Snopes]]
*[[StopFake]]
*[[United States Information Agency]]
*[[USAFacts]]


| group8 = WikiProjects
| list8 =
* {{icon|meta}} [[meta:WikiCred|WikiCred]]
* {{icon|wikiproject}} [[WP:WikiProject Climate change|Climate change]]
* {{icon|wikiproject}} [[WP:WikiProject COVID-19|COVID-19]]
* {{icon|wikiproject}} [[WP:WikiProject Medicine|Medicine]]
* {{icon|wikiproject}} [[WP:WikiProject Skepticism|Skepticism]]
* {{icon|wikiproject}} [[WP:Vaccine safety|Vaccine safety]]
}}<noinclude>
}}<noinclude>
{{Documentation}}
{{Documentation}}
</noinclude>
</noinclude>

Revision as of 18:04, 8 March 2025


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