HLA-DP

HLA-DP is a type of human leukocyte antigen (HLA) that plays a crucial role in the immune system. It is part of the HLA class II group of antigens, which are primarily expressed in antigen-presenting cells.

Structure

HLA-DP is a heterodimer, consisting of an alpha (DPA) and beta (DPB) chain. Both chains are anchored in the membrane. The alpha chain is approximately 33-35 kDa and is composed of two Ig-like domains. The beta chain is approximately 28-30 kDa and is composed of two Ig-like domains.

Function

HLA-DP molecules are responsible for presenting peptides from extracellular proteins to the T cell receptor on CD4+ T cells. This is a crucial step in the immune response to pathogens.

Genetics

The genes encoding the HLA-DP alpha and beta chains are located on the short arm of chromosome 6 (6p21.3). There are many alleles for each gene, leading to a high level of polymorphism in the HLA-DP molecule.

Clinical significance

HLA-DP has been associated with a number of diseases, including rheumatoid arthritis, celiac disease, and certain types of cancer. It has also been implicated in the response to certain infections, such as Hepatitis B.

See also

• Human leukocyte antigen
• Antigen-presenting cell
• T cell receptor
• Chromosome 6

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