Cytochrome b

Cytochrome b is a protein that is a component of the Electron Transport Chain, a process that is part of Cellular Respiration. It is found in the mitochondria of eukaryotic cells and in the plasma membrane of prokaryotic cells. Cytochrome b plays a crucial role in the production of ATP, the main energy source for cells.

Function

Cytochrome b is part of the Cytochrome bc1 complex, also known as Complex III, in the electron transport chain. It helps to transfer electrons from Ubiquinol to Cytochrome c, contributing to the creation of a proton gradient across the inner mitochondrial membrane. This gradient is used by ATP synthase to generate ATP.

Structure

The structure of cytochrome b is highly conserved across different species, indicating its importance in cellular function. It contains two heme groups, known as bL and bH, which are involved in the transfer of electrons. The protein also has several transmembrane domains that anchor it to the inner mitochondrial membrane.

Clinical Significance

Mutations in the gene encoding cytochrome b can lead to a variety of diseases, including mitochondrial diseases and Exercise intolerance. These conditions are often characterized by fatigue, muscle weakness, and other symptoms related to impaired energy production.

See Also

• Electron Transport Chain
• Cellular Respiration
• Mitochondrial disease
• Exercise intolerance

References

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