Seed bank

Seed bank refers to a type of repository where seeds of various species of plants are stored in an effort to preserve genetic diversity. Seed banks are often established and maintained by governments, research institutions, and non-profit organizations. They play a crucial role in conserving plant species that are threatened by extinction due to various factors such as climate change, habitat loss, and over-exploitation.

Overview

A Seed bank is a facility used to store seeds of various types of plants. The main purpose of a seed bank is to preserve genetic diversity, which is crucial for the survival and evolution of plant species. Seed banks store seeds in controlled conditions to maintain their viability over long periods of time.

Types of Seed Banks

There are two main types of seed banks: ex situ (off-site) and in situ (on-site).

Ex situ seed banks are facilities where seeds are stored in a controlled environment away from their natural habitat. This type of seed bank is often used for the conservation of endangered species and for research purposes.

In situ seed banks involve the conservation of seeds in their natural habitat. This is often done through the establishment of protected areas where the plants can grow and reproduce naturally.

Seed Storage

The seeds stored in a seed bank are usually dried and kept at low temperatures to maintain their viability. The seeds are often stored in vacuum-sealed containers to prevent moisture and air from reaching them. The storage conditions are regularly monitored to ensure that the seeds remain viable.

Importance of Seed Banks

Seed banks play a crucial role in biodiversity conservation. They provide a backup of plant genetic material, which can be used for plant breeding and research. Seed banks also play a role in food security by preserving the seeds of crop species, which can be used in the event of a crop failure or disease outbreak.

Challenges

Despite their importance, seed banks face several challenges. These include funding constraints, the difficulty of collecting and storing seeds from all plant species, and the risk of loss of seeds due to disasters or equipment failure.

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Seed bank

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  Seedbank
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  Plant tissue cultures, National Center for Genetic Resources Preservation, USDA