HLA-DQ

HLA-DQ is a type of human leukocyte antigen that plays a crucial role in the immune system. It is part of the HLA class II group, which is involved in the immune response to foreign substances. HLA-DQ is encoded by the DQA1 and DQB1 genes, which are located on chromosome 6.

Structure

HLA-DQ is a heterodimer, meaning it is composed of two different protein subunits. These subunits are known as the alpha (α) and beta (β) chains. The alpha chain is encoded by the DQA1 gene, while the beta chain is encoded by the DQB1 gene. Each chain has two domains: a variable domain, which binds to the antigen, and a constant domain, which interacts with other components of the immune system.

Function

The primary function of HLA-DQ is to present peptides from extracellular proteins to T cells. This is a crucial step in the immune response, as it allows the immune system to recognize and respond to foreign substances. HLA-DQ binds to these peptides and presents them on the surface of antigen-presenting cells, where they can be recognized by T cells.

Clinical significance

Alterations in the HLA-DQ genes have been associated with a number of autoimmune diseases, including type 1 diabetes, celiac disease, and rheumatoid arthritis. In these conditions, the immune system mistakenly attacks the body's own tissues, leading to inflammation and damage. Studies have shown that certain variants of the HLA-DQ genes increase the risk of developing these diseases.

See also

• Human leukocyte antigen
• Immune system
• Autoimmune disease

References

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