Merkel cell

Merkel cell is a type of cell found in the skin and hair follicles. They are named after the German scientist Friedrich Sigmund Merkel who first described them in 1875. Merkel cells are part of the touch receptor system and are associated with the sense of touch. They are also known as tactile cells or Merkel-Ranvier cells.

Structure

Merkel cells are oval-shaped cells located in the basal epidermis and hair follicles. They are closely associated with nerve endings and are often found in areas of the skin that are sensitive to touch, such as the fingertips and lips. Merkel cells are connected to afferent nerve fibers via synapse-like structures.

Function

Merkel cells are mechanoreceptors, meaning they respond to mechanical pressure and vibration. They are responsible for the sense of light touch and shape and texture discrimination. When these cells are stimulated, they release chemicals that activate sensory neurons, sending a signal to the brain.

Clinical significance

Merkel cells are the origin of a rare and aggressive form of skin cancer known as Merkel cell carcinoma. This type of cancer is often associated with exposure to ultraviolet light and a weakened immune system. It is also linked to the Merkel cell polyomavirus.

See also

• Merkel cell carcinoma
• Merkel cell polyomavirus
• Touch receptor
• Basal epidermis

References

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