Supernumerary nipple

Supernumerary Nipple

A supernumerary nipple, also known as a third nipple or accessory nipple, is an additional nipple that occurs in humans and other animals. This condition is a type of polymastia, which refers to the presence of more than the usual number of nipples or mammary glands.

Epidemiology

Supernumerary nipples are relatively common, occurring in approximately 1-5% of the population. They are more frequently observed in males than in females. The condition can be hereditary, with a tendency to run in families.

Embryology

During embryonic development, the mammary ridge or milk line forms along the chest and abdomen. Normally, this ridge regresses except at the site of the primary nipples. However, if parts of the ridge persist, supernumerary nipples can develop along this line.

Clinical Presentation

Supernumerary nipples can vary in appearance. They may resemble a normal nipple, or they may appear as small, pigmented moles or bumps. These additional nipples are usually located along the milk line, which extends from the armpit to the groin.

Symptoms

Most supernumerary nipples are asymptomatic and do not cause any health problems. However, in some cases, they may become tender or swollen, especially during hormonal changes such as puberty or pregnancy.

Diagnosis

Diagnosis of a supernumerary nipple is typically made through physical examination. In some cases, imaging studies such as ultrasound or mammography may be used to differentiate a supernumerary nipple from other skin lesions.

Treatment

Treatment is usually not necessary unless the supernumerary nipple causes discomfort or psychological distress. In such cases, surgical removal can be performed. The procedure is generally simple and performed on an outpatient basis.

Associated Conditions

While supernumerary nipples are usually benign, they have been associated with certain syndromes and conditions, such as:

• Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome
• Polycystic kidney disease
• Urofacial syndrome

Prognosis

The prognosis for individuals with a supernumerary nipple is excellent. The condition does not affect overall health or life expectancy.

See Also

• Polymastia
• Mammary gland
• Nipple

External Links

• [Supernumerary Nipple - DermNet NZ](https://www.dermnetnz.org/topics/supernumerary-nipple/)

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