Reflex syncope

Reflex Syncope is a type of syncope, or fainting, triggered by an automatic (autonomic) reflex response to emotional or orthostatic stress. The condition is characterized by a rapid drop in blood pressure, resulting in a temporary loss of consciousness and muscle strength.

Overview

Reflex syncope is also known as neurally mediated syncope or neurocardiogenic syncope. It encompasses several subtypes, including vasovagal syncope, situational syncope, carotid sinus syncope, and postural tachycardia syndrome (POTS).

Pathophysiology

Reflex syncope is caused by a malfunction in the autonomic nervous system, which controls involuntary functions such as heart rate and blood pressure. In response to certain triggers — such as emotional distress, physical pain, or a sudden change in body position — the nervous system may cause the heart to slow down and the blood vessels in the legs to dilate. This can lead to a sudden drop in blood pressure, depriving the brain of oxygen and causing the person to faint.

Clinical Presentation

Patients with reflex syncope may experience a variety of symptoms before losing consciousness, including lightheadedness, nausea, sweating, blurred vision, and rapid heartbeat. The fainting episode is usually brief, and the person typically regains consciousness within a minute or two.

Treatment and Management

Treatment for reflex syncope focuses on avoiding triggers, managing symptoms, and preventing injuries. Patients may be advised to stay hydrated, avoid standing up too quickly, and learn physical maneuvers that can help increase blood flow to the brain. In some cases, medication or a pacemaker may be recommended.

See Also

• Syncope (medicine)
• Vasovagal response
• Carotid sinus syncope
• Postural Orthostatic Tachycardia Syndrome

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