Androgen

Androgens are a group of steroid hormones that primarily influence the development and maintenance of male sex characteristics. They play a vital role in male reproductive and sexual function, and also contribute to muscle mass, bone density, and body hair distribution in both sexes.

Androgen receptor sequence

Selective androgen receptor modulator

Overview

Androgens are produced predominantly in the testes in males, but are also synthesized in the ovaries in females and in the adrenal glands in both sexes. The most well-known androgen is testosterone, but other androgens also include dihydrotestosterone (DHT) and androstenedione.

Role in Sexual Development and Function

Androgens are crucial for the development of male sex organs and secondary sexual characteristics during puberty, such as the deepening of the voice, the growth of facial and body hair, and increased muscle and bone mass. In adult males, androgens maintain sperm production, libido, and sexual function.

Other Physiological Roles

In both males and females, androgens contribute to the growth and strength of skeletal muscle and bone. They also regulate the distribution of body hair and influence the skin's oiliness.

Pathophysiology

Abnormal levels of androgens can lead to various health issues. For example, overproduction in females can result in polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), characterized by hirsutism, acne, menstrual irregularities, and infertility. In males, low androgen levels can lead to hypogonadism, with symptoms such as fatigue, loss of muscle mass, erectile dysfunction, and decreased libido.

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