Refeeding syndrome: Difference between revisions
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Revision as of 01:15, 20 February 2025
Refeeding syndrome (RFS) is a potentially serious metabolic condition that can arise when nutrition is reintroduced to severely malnourished individuals. This syndrome is characterized by an imbalance of water-electrolytes, glucose intolerance, cardiac arrhythmias, and diarrhea, typically occurring within the first five days of refeeding.<ref>Mehanna, HM,
Refeeding syndrome: what it is, and how to prevent and treat it, BMJ, 2008, Vol. 336(Issue: 7659), pp. 1495-1498, DOI: 10.1136/bmj.a301,</ref>
Understanding Refeeding Syndrome
The hallmark of refeeding syndrome is a shift in fluids and electrolytes in a malnourished individual who receives nutritional supplementation. This shift can lead to severe complications such as heart failure, respiratory failure, and death if not recognized and managed promptly.
Causes and Risk Factors
The primary cause of RFS is the reintroduction of glucose, or carbohydrates, to a severely malnourished individual. Risk factors include prolonged fasting, low BMI, significant unintentional weight loss, and underlying chronic diseases such as cancer and chronic gastrointestinal diseases.<ref>Rio, A,
Refeeding syndrome: clinical and nutritional relevance, Endocrinol Diabetes Nutr, 2018, Vol. 65(Issue: 6), pp. 320-327, DOI: 10.1016/j.endinu.2018.01.009,</ref>
Symptoms
Symptoms of RFS can vary widely and may include fatigue, muscle weakness, seizures, heart failure, and even coma.
Diagnosis
The diagnosis of RFS is often clinical, made by observing the patient's response to nutritional reintroduction. However, blood tests are essential to monitor electrolyte levels, especially phosphorus, magnesium, and calcium.<ref>
Refeeding Syndrome(link). {{{website}}}. UpToDate.
Accessed 2023-05-18.
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Management
Management of RFS requires careful monitoring and correction of electrolyte imbalances, along with gradual, controlled reintroduction of nutrients. In some cases, intravenous electrolyte replacement may be necessary.<ref>Sriram, K,
The refeeding syndrome and its current clinical implications, JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr, 2013, Vol. 37(Issue: 4), pp. 462-70, DOI: 10.1177/0148607113476583,</ref>
