Helminthic therapy

Helminthic therapy, also known as worm therapy, helminth therapy, or biotherapy, is the treatment of autoimmune diseases and immune disorders by means of deliberate infestation with a helminth or with the eggs of a helminth. Helminths are parasitic worms such as hookworms and whipworms.

History

The concept of helminthic therapy was first proposed in the late 20th century, following observations of an inverse relationship between the prevalence of autoimmune diseases and the prevalence of helminth infections. This led to the "hygiene hypothesis", which suggests that the absence of exposure to parasitic worms in developed countries may lead to an increased risk of autoimmune diseases.

Mechanism of action

Helminths are thought to modulate the host's immune response in order to survive within the host. This immune modulation may also have beneficial effects on the host's autoimmune diseases or immune disorders.

Clinical use

Helminthic therapy has been used in clinical trials for a variety of autoimmune diseases and immune disorders, including Crohn's disease, ulcerative colitis, multiple sclerosis, and asthma. However, the evidence for its effectiveness is still limited and further research is needed.

Safety

The safety of helminthic therapy is a concern, as helminth infections can cause a range of symptoms and complications. However, the helminths used in therapy are typically non-pathogenic species, and the infections are carefully monitored and controlled.

See also

• Parasitology
• Immunology
• Autoimmune disease
• Immune disorder

References

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