Orthognathic surgery: Difference between revisions

Latest revision as of 17:43, 18 February 2025

Orthognathic Surgery[edit]

Orthognathic surgery, also known as corrective jaw surgery, is a type of surgery performed by oral and maxillofacial surgeons to correct a wide range of minor and major skeletal and dental irregularities, including the misalignment of jaws and teeth. This surgery can improve chewing, speaking, and breathing. In many cases, an improved facial appearance can also result.

Indications[edit]

Orthognathic surgery is indicated for patients with:

Malocclusion that cannot be corrected with orthodontics alone
Sleep apnea
Temporomandibular joint disorder (TMJ)
Facial injuries or birth defects
Receding or protruding jaw
Difficulty chewing or swallowing
Chronic jaw or jaw joint pain

Procedure[edit]

The procedure typically involves:

Pre-Surgical Orthodontics[edit]

Before surgery, patients usually undergo orthodontic treatment to align the teeth in a way that will fit together properly after the surgery. This phase can last 12 to 18 months.

Surgical Process[edit]

The surgery is performed under general anesthesia and can involve one or both jaws. The surgeon makes cuts in the jawbones and repositions them in the correct alignment. Plates, screws, wires, and rubber bands may be used to hold the jaws in their new position.

Post-Surgical Orthodontics[edit]

After the surgery, further orthodontic treatment is often necessary to fine-tune the alignment of the teeth. This phase can last 6 to 12 months.

Recovery[edit]

Recovery from orthognathic surgery can take several weeks. Patients may experience swelling, bruising, and discomfort, which can be managed with medication. A soft diet is recommended during the initial recovery period. Regular follow-up visits are necessary to monitor healing and progress.

Risks and Complications[edit]

As with any surgery, orthognathic surgery carries risks, including:

Infection
Bleeding
Nerve injury
Relapse of the jaw position
Problems with bite alignment

Benefits[edit]

The benefits of orthognathic surgery can include:

Improved bite and function
Enhanced facial appearance
Relief from jaw pain
Improved breathing and speech

Related Pages[edit]

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-Orthognathic surgery, also known as corrective jaw surgery, is a branch of [[oral and maxillofacial surgery]] that focuses on correcting conditions of the jaw and face related to structure, growth, sleep apnea, TMJ disorders, malocclusion problems owing to skeletal disharmonies, or other orthodontic problems that cannot be easily treated with braces. This surgical procedure aims to improve the patient's ability to chew, speak, and breathe and to enhance facial aesthetics. Orthognathic surgery can involve the upper jaw (maxilla), lower jaw (mandible), or both.
+== Orthognathic Surgery ==
-==Indications==
+[[File:Orthognathic_surgery.jpg|thumb|right|Orthognathic surgery involves the surgical correction of jaw irregularities.]]
-Orthognathic surgery is recommended for individuals with significant skeletal discrepancies that affect their oral function or facial aesthetics. Common indications include:
-* [[Malocclusion]] that cannot be corrected by orthodontics alone, such as severe overbite, underbite, crossbite, and open bite.
-* Congenital abnormalities such as [[cleft palate]] or syndromic conditions affecting the jaw.
-* Facial asymmetry or deformities resulting from trauma or disease.
-* Obstructive [[sleep apnea]] that cannot be managed by non-surgical means.
-* Temporomandibular joint (TMJ) disorders when less invasive treatments have failed.
-==Preoperative Evaluation==
+Orthognathic surgery, also known as corrective jaw surgery, is a type of surgery performed by [[oral and maxillofacial surgeon]]s to correct a wide range of minor and major skeletal and dental irregularities, including the misalignment of jaws and teeth. This surgery can improve chewing, speaking, and breathing. In many cases, an improved facial appearance can also result.
-A comprehensive preoperative evaluation is crucial for the success of orthognathic surgery. This includes:
-* Detailed medical and dental history.
-* Clinical examination.
-* Imaging studies, including [[X-ray]]s, [[computed tomography]] (CT) scans, and [[magnetic resonance imaging]] (MRI).
-* [[Orthodontic]] assessment and treatment planning, often involving the use of dental braces before and after surgery to ensure proper alignment of the teeth.
-* 3D modeling and surgical planning to predict the outcome and guide the surgical process.
-==Surgical Procedure==
+== Indications ==
-Orthognathic surgery is performed under general anesthesia and involves the following steps:
+Orthognathic surgery is indicated for patients with:
-* Incisions are made inside the mouth to minimize visible scarring.
+* [[Malocclusion]] that cannot be corrected with orthodontics alone
-* The jawbones are cut, moved, modified, and realigned to the desired position.
+* [[Sleep apnea]]
-* Bone plates, screws, wires, or rubber bands may be used to secure the jaws in their new position.
+* [[Temporomandibular joint disorder]] (TMJ)
-* The incisions are sutured closed, and the patient is moved to recovery.
+* Facial injuries or birth defects
+* Receding or protruding jaw
+* Difficulty chewing or swallowing
+* Chronic jaw or jaw joint pain
-==Postoperative Care==
+== Procedure ==
-Postoperative care is essential for healing and includes:
+The procedure typically involves:
-* Hospital stay for 1 to 3 days to monitor recovery.
-* A diet of liquids and soft foods for several weeks.
-* Pain management with prescribed medications.
-* Regular follow-up visits for monitoring healing and removing any non-dissolvable sutures.
-* Continued orthodontic treatment to refine the bite.
-==Risks and Complications==
+=== Pre-Surgical Orthodontics ===
-As with any major surgical procedure, orthognathic surgery carries risks, including:
+Before surgery, patients usually undergo orthodontic treatment to align the teeth in a way that will fit together properly after the surgery. This phase can last 12 to 18 months.
+=== Surgical Process ===
+The surgery is performed under general anesthesia and can involve one or both jaws. The surgeon makes cuts in the jawbones and repositions them in the correct alignment. Plates, screws, wires, and rubber bands may be used to hold the jaws in their new position.
+=== Post-Surgical Orthodontics ===
+After the surgery, further orthodontic treatment is often necessary to fine-tune the alignment of the teeth. This phase can last 6 to 12 months.
+== Recovery ==
+Recovery from orthognathic surgery can take several weeks. Patients may experience swelling, bruising, and discomfort, which can be managed with medication. A soft diet is recommended during the initial recovery period. Regular follow-up visits are necessary to monitor healing and progress.
+== Risks and Complications ==
+As with any surgery, orthognathic surgery carries risks, including:
 * Infection
-* Blood loss
+* Bleeding
-* Nerve damage, potentially leading to altered sensation
+* Nerve injury
-* Problems with jaw joint function
+* Relapse of the jaw position
-* Need for additional surgery
+* Problems with bite alignment
-==Outcome==
+== Benefits ==
-The outcome of orthognathic surgery is generally positive, with significant improvements in oral function, facial symmetry, and appearance. Most patients report a high degree of satisfaction with the results, which can also lead to enhanced self-esteem and quality of life.
+The benefits of orthognathic surgery can include:
+* Improved bite and function
+* Enhanced facial appearance
+* Relief from jaw pain
+* Improved breathing and speech
-==See Also==
+== Related Pages ==
 * [[Oral and maxillofacial surgery]]
-* [[Dentofacial orthopedics]]
+* [[Orthodontics]]
-* [[Cleft palate]]
+* [[Temporomandibular joint disorder]]
-* [[Temporomandibular joint dysfunction]]
+* [[Sleep apnea]]
 [[Category:Oral and maxillofacial surgery]]
-[[Category:Surgical procedures]]
-[[Category:Dentistry]]
-<gallery>
-File:Orthognatic_surgery.png|Orthognathic surgery
-File:Prognathism3.png|Prognathism
-File:Assessment,_3-Dimensional_Planning,_and_Technique|Assessment, 3-Dimensional Planning, and Technique
-File:06-06-06palataltori.jpg|Palatal tori
-File:Illu01_head_neck.jpg|Head and neck illustration
-</gallery>