Polystyrene sulfonate

Polystyrene sulfonate is a type of polymer used in medicine to treat hyperkalemia, a condition characterized by high levels of potassium in the blood. It is also known by its brand names, such as Kayexalate, Kionex, and SPS.

Mechanism of Action

Polystyrene sulfonate works by exchanging its sodium ions for potassium ions in the gastrointestinal tract, particularly in the large intestine. This exchange process helps to lower the levels of potassium in the body.

Uses

Polystyrene sulfonate is primarily used to treat hyperkalemia. It may also be used in patients with chronic kidney disease or those who are on certain medications that can increase potassium levels.

Side Effects

Common side effects of polystyrene sulfonate include nausea, vomiting, and constipation. In rare cases, it can cause serious intestinal complications such as intestinal obstruction or colonic necrosis.

Precautions

Patients with a history of bowel obstruction, hypokalemia (low potassium levels), or congestive heart failure should use polystyrene sulfonate with caution. It should also be used with caution in patients who are on a low sodium diet.

Interactions

Polystyrene sulfonate can interact with certain medications, including lithium and thyroxine. It can also decrease the absorption of other medications taken by mouth.

See Also

• Hyperkalemia
• Chronic kidney disease
• Potassium

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