Genitourinary system

Genitourinary system is a term used to refer to the organs of the reproductive system and the urinary system. These organs are grouped together because of their proximity to each other and their common embryological origin. The genitourinary system includes the kidneys, ureters, bladder, urethra, and the organs of reproduction - ovaries, fallopian tubes, uterus, vagina in females and testes, prostate gland, seminal vesicles, vas deferens and penis in males.

Anatomy of the Genitourinary System

The genitourinary system is divided into two parts: the urinary system and the reproductive system.

Urinary System

The urinary system consists of the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra. The kidneys filter the blood to remove waste products and produce urine. The urine is then transported through the ureters to the bladder, where it is stored until it is excreted from the body through the urethra.

Reproductive System

The reproductive system in males includes the testes, prostate gland, seminal vesicles, vas deferens, and penis. The testes produce sperm and the male sex hormone testosterone. The prostate gland and seminal vesicles produce seminal fluid, which combines with sperm to form semen. The vas deferens transports sperm from the testes to the urethra, from where it is ejaculated out of the body through the penis.

In females, the reproductive system includes the ovaries, fallopian tubes, uterus, and vagina. The ovaries produce eggs and the female sex hormones estrogen and progesterone. The fallopian tubes transport the eggs from the ovaries to the uterus. If an egg is fertilized by a sperm, it implants in the uterus and develops into a fetus. The vagina is the birth canal through which a baby is born.

Functions of the Genitourinary System

The genitourinary system has several important functions, including:

• Filtering waste products from the blood and excreting them in urine
• Regulating the volume and composition of body fluids
• Producing, transporting, and storing sperm in males
• Producing eggs and supporting the development of a fetus in females
• Producing sex hormones that regulate reproductive function and sexual characteristics

Diseases of the Genitourinary System

There are many diseases that can affect the genitourinary system, including kidney disease, urinary tract infections, prostate cancer, testicular cancer, ovarian cancer, uterine cancer, and bladder cancer. Treatment for these diseases can involve medication, surgery, radiation therapy, or other therapies.

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  Diagram of female and male organs
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  World map of genitourinary diseases deaths per million persons (WHO 2012)