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Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) is a mechanism established under the Kyoto Protocol, an international agreement aimed at combating climate change. The CDM allows developed countries to invest in emission reduction projects in developing countries, thereby offsetting their own greenhouse gas emissions. This article provides an overview of the Clean Development Mechanism, its objectives, functioning, and impact.
== Clean Development Mechanism ==


== Overview ==
[[File:Cers-pie-Oct-2012.svg|thumb|right|Distribution of Certified Emission Reductions (CERs) by project type as of October 2012]]
The Clean Development Mechanism is a market-based approach that promotes sustainable development while reducing greenhouse gas emissions. It operates on the principle of "carbon credits," where each emission reduction project is awarded Certified Emission Reductions (CERs) for the amount of greenhouse gases it helps to mitigate. These CERs can be traded and used by developed countries to meet their emission reduction targets.


== Objectives ==
The '''Clean Development Mechanism''' ('''CDM''') is a flexible mechanism defined in the [[Kyoto Protocol]] that allows industrialized countries to invest in projects that reduce emissions in developing countries as an alternative to more expensive emission reductions in their own countries. The CDM is one of the three market-based mechanisms under the Kyoto Protocol, the others being [[Emissions Trading]] and [[Joint Implementation]].
The primary objective of the Clean Development Mechanism is to assist developing countries in achieving sustainable development by attracting investment in clean energy projects and technologies. It aims to:


1. Reduce greenhouse gas emissions: The CDM encourages the implementation of projects that reduce emissions in sectors such as renewable energy, energy efficiency, waste management, and forestry.
== Overview ==
 
2. Transfer clean technologies: Developed countries can transfer their clean technologies to developing countries through CDM projects, promoting technology transfer and capacity building.
 
3. Promote sustainable development: The CDM projects are required to contribute to the sustainable development goals of the host country, such as poverty alleviation, job creation, and improved access to basic services.
 
== Functioning ==
The Clean Development Mechanism follows a rigorous process to ensure the credibility and integrity of emission reduction projects. The key steps involved are:
 
1. Project identification: Project developers identify potential projects that meet the CDM eligibility criteria and contribute to sustainable development.
 
2. Project design: The project design document (PDD) is prepared, which outlines the project's objectives, methodology, baseline emissions, and expected emission reductions.


3. Validation: An independent third-party entity validates the project against the CDM requirements, ensuring its technical and environmental integrity.
The CDM was designed to meet two objectives: to help industrialized countries meet their emission reduction targets in a cost-effective way, and to assist developing countries in achieving sustainable development. Under the CDM, projects that reduce greenhouse gas emissions can earn saleable [[Certified Emission Reductions]] (CERs), each equivalent to one tonne of CO2, which can be counted towards meeting Kyoto targets.


4. Registration: Once validated, the project is registered with the CDM Executive Board, and the project developer is issued Certified Emission Reductions (CERs) for the expected emission reductions.
== Project Types ==


5. Monitoring and verification: The project's performance is monitored regularly, and the emission reductions are verified by an accredited third-party entity.
CDM projects can include a wide range of activities, such as renewable energy projects (e.g., wind, solar, hydroelectric), energy efficiency improvements, and reforestation projects. The distribution of CERs by project type is illustrated in the adjacent pie chart.


6. Issuance of CERs: Upon successful verification, the project developer receives CERs equivalent to the verified emission reductions. These CERs can be traded and used by developed countries to meet their emission reduction targets.
== Process ==


== Impact ==
The process of registering a CDM project involves several steps:
The Clean Development Mechanism has had a significant impact on both climate change mitigation and sustainable development. Some key impacts include:


1. Emission reductions: The CDM has facilitated the reduction of millions of tons of greenhouse gas emissions through the implementation of clean energy projects and technologies.
1. '''Project Design''': The project developer prepares a Project Design Document (PDD) that outlines the project and its expected emission reductions.
2. '''Validation''': An independent third party, known as a Designated Operational Entity (DOE), validates the project.
3. '''Registration''': The project is submitted to the [[CDM Executive Board]] for registration.
4. '''Monitoring''': The project developer monitors the emission reductions.
5. '''Verification and Certification''': The DOE verifies the emission reductions and certifies the CERs.


2. Technology transfer: The CDM has played a crucial role in transferring clean technologies from developed to developing countries, promoting sustainable development and capacity building.
== Benefits and Criticisms ==


3. Investment and economic growth: The CDM has attracted significant investment in developing countries, leading to job creation, infrastructure development, and economic growth.
The CDM has been praised for its role in promoting clean technology and sustainable development in developing countries. However, it has also faced criticism for issues such as the additionality of projects, the distribution of projects, and the overall impact on global emissions.


4. Sustainable development co-benefits: CDM projects are required to contribute to the sustainable development goals of the host country, leading to co-benefits such as improved access to clean energy, poverty alleviation, and enhanced environmental protection.
== Related Pages ==


== See also ==
* [[Kyoto Protocol]]
* [[Kyoto Protocol]]
* [[Carbon credits]]
* [[Emissions Trading]]
* [[Renewable energy]]
* [[Joint Implementation]]
* [[Technology transfer]]
* [[Certified Emission Reductions]]
* [[Sustainable development]]


== References ==
{{Kyoto Protocol}}
<references />


[[Category:Climate change]]
[[Category:Kyoto Protocol]]
[[Category:Sustainable development]]
[[Category:Climate change policy]]
[[Category:International agreements]]
[[Category:Carbon finance]]
[[Category:Environmental economics]]
[[Category:Energy policy]]

Latest revision as of 16:27, 16 February 2025

Clean Development Mechanism[edit]

Distribution of Certified Emission Reductions (CERs) by project type as of October 2012

The Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) is a flexible mechanism defined in the Kyoto Protocol that allows industrialized countries to invest in projects that reduce emissions in developing countries as an alternative to more expensive emission reductions in their own countries. The CDM is one of the three market-based mechanisms under the Kyoto Protocol, the others being Emissions Trading and Joint Implementation.

Overview[edit]

The CDM was designed to meet two objectives: to help industrialized countries meet their emission reduction targets in a cost-effective way, and to assist developing countries in achieving sustainable development. Under the CDM, projects that reduce greenhouse gas emissions can earn saleable Certified Emission Reductions (CERs), each equivalent to one tonne of CO2, which can be counted towards meeting Kyoto targets.

Project Types[edit]

CDM projects can include a wide range of activities, such as renewable energy projects (e.g., wind, solar, hydroelectric), energy efficiency improvements, and reforestation projects. The distribution of CERs by project type is illustrated in the adjacent pie chart.

Process[edit]

The process of registering a CDM project involves several steps:

1. Project Design: The project developer prepares a Project Design Document (PDD) that outlines the project and its expected emission reductions. 2. Validation: An independent third party, known as a Designated Operational Entity (DOE), validates the project. 3. Registration: The project is submitted to the CDM Executive Board for registration. 4. Monitoring: The project developer monitors the emission reductions. 5. Verification and Certification: The DOE verifies the emission reductions and certifies the CERs.

Benefits and Criticisms[edit]

The CDM has been praised for its role in promoting clean technology and sustainable development in developing countries. However, it has also faced criticism for issues such as the additionality of projects, the distribution of projects, and the overall impact on global emissions.

Related Pages[edit]

Template:Kyoto Protocol

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