WD40 repeat: Difference between revisions

Latest revision as of 05:57, 16 February 2025

WD40 Repeat[edit]

The WD40 repeat is a short structural motif of approximately 40 amino acids, often terminating in a tryptophan-aspartic acid (WD) dipeptide. These repeats are found in a wide variety of proteins and are involved in a diverse range of cellular processes, including signal transduction, RNA processing, and cytoskeletal assembly.

Structure[edit]

WD40 repeats typically form a beta-propeller structure, which consists of 4 to 8 repeating units that create a circular, symmetrical shape. Each repeat forms a beta-sheet, and together they create a stable, propeller-like structure. This configuration allows for multiple protein-protein interactions, making WD40 repeat proteins versatile scaffolds in cellular processes.

Function[edit]

WD40 repeat proteins are involved in a variety of cellular functions. They often serve as platforms for the assembly of protein complexes, facilitating interactions between different proteins. This makes them crucial in processes such as signal transduction, where they can act as adaptors or scaffolds that bring together various signaling molecules.

In addition to their role in signaling, WD40 repeat proteins are also involved in RNA processing, where they can influence the splicing and modification of RNA molecules. They are also important in the regulation of the cytoskeleton, affecting cell shape and motility.

Examples[edit]

Some well-known proteins that contain WD40 repeats include:

Beta-transducin repeat containing protein (_-TrCP), which is involved in the ubiquitination and subsequent degradation of target proteins.
G-protein beta subunit, which is part of the heterotrimeric G-protein complex involved in signal transduction.
E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase CUL4A, which is part of the ubiquitin-proteasome system that regulates protein degradation.

Related pages[edit]

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-'''WD40 repeat''' (also known as '''WD repeat''' or '''WD40 domain''') is a short structural motif of approximately 40 amino acids, often terminating in a tryptophan-aspartic acid (W-D) dipeptide. WD40 domains are found in a multitude of eukaryotic proteins, serving as a versatile scaffold for protein-protein interactions. These repeats are responsible for assembling multiprotein complexes involved in a wide range of critical cellular functions including signal transduction, RNA processing, gene regulation, vesicular trafficking, cytoskeletal assembly, and the cell cycle.
+{{DISPLAYTITLE:WD40 repeat}}
-==Structure==
+== WD40 Repeat ==
-The WD40 repeat forms a beta-propeller structure, with each WD40 domain acting as a blade in the propeller. Typically, a protein contains several WD repeats that fold together to form a circular, propeller-like structure with 6 to 8 blades. Each blade consists of a four-stranded anti-parallel beta-sheet. The propeller structure provides a stable platform for protein-protein interactions, with the top and bottom faces of the propeller serving as interaction sites.
-==Function==
+[[File:1erj_7bladed_beta_propeller.png|thumb|right|Structure of a WD40 repeat protein showing the 7-bladed beta-propeller.]]
-WD40 repeat-containing proteins are involved in a variety of cellular processes. The versatility of the WD40 domain in mediating protein-protein interactions lies in its ability to bind multiple partners and facilitate the assembly of protein complexes. This adaptability is crucial for the dynamic assembly and disassembly of cellular complexes in response to cellular signals.
-===Signal Transduction===
+The '''WD40 repeat''' is a short structural motif of approximately 40 amino acids, often terminating in a tryptophan-aspartic acid (WD) dipeptide. These repeats are found in a wide variety of proteins and are involved in a diverse range of cellular processes, including signal transduction, RNA processing, and cytoskeletal assembly.
-In signal transduction pathways, WD40 repeat proteins act as scaffolds that organize the components of a signaling cascade, ensuring specificity and fidelity of the signal. For example, the [[G protein beta subunit]], which contains a WD40 domain, plays a critical role in G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) signaling pathways.
-===Cell Cycle Control===
+== Structure ==
-WD40 repeat proteins are also key players in the control of the cell cycle. They are involved in the regulation of cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs), which are essential for cell cycle progression. The WD40 protein Cdc20 is a coactivator of the anaphase-promoting complex/cyclosome (APC/C), a ubiquitin ligase that targets cell cycle proteins for degradation, thereby regulating the cell cycle.
-===RNA Processing===
+WD40 repeats typically form a [[beta-propeller]] structure, which consists of 4 to 8 repeating units that create a circular, symmetrical shape. Each repeat forms a beta-sheet, and together they create a stable, propeller-like structure. This configuration allows for multiple protein-protein interactions, making WD40 repeat proteins versatile scaffolds in cellular processes.
-In RNA processing, WD40 proteins participate in the assembly of the spliceosome, a complex responsible for the removal of introns from pre-mRNA. The WD40 domain-containing protein Prp19 is involved in the activation of the spliceosome.
-===Gene Regulation===
+== Function ==
-WD40 repeat proteins play roles in chromatin remodeling and transcriptional regulation. For instance, WDR5, a WD40 protein, is a component of the SET1 family of histone methyltransferases, which are involved in the methylation of histone H3 and the regulation of gene expression.
-==Examples==
+WD40 repeat proteins are involved in a variety of cellular functions. They often serve as platforms for the assembly of protein complexes, facilitating interactions between different proteins. This makes them crucial in processes such as [[signal transduction]], where they can act as adaptors or scaffolds that bring together various signaling molecules.
-Some well-known proteins containing WD40 repeats include:
-* [[G protein beta subunit]] - involved in GPCR signaling
-* [[Cdc20]] - involved in cell cycle control
-* [[Prp19]] - involved in RNA splicing
-* [[WDR5]] - involved in histone modification and gene regulation
-==Clinical Significance==
+In addition to their role in signaling, WD40 repeat proteins are also involved in [[RNA processing]], where they can influence the splicing and modification of RNA molecules. They are also important in the regulation of the [[cytoskeleton]], affecting cell shape and motility.
-Mutations in WD40 repeat-containing proteins have been implicated in a variety of human diseases, including cancer, neurodegenerative diseases, and developmental disorders. The versatility of WD40 domains in protein-protein interactions makes them potential targets for therapeutic intervention.
-==See Also==
+== Examples ==
-* [[Protein domain]]
+Some well-known proteins that contain WD40 repeats include:
+* [[Beta-transducin repeat containing protein]] (_-TrCP), which is involved in the ubiquitination and subsequent degradation of target proteins.
+* [[G-protein beta subunit]], which is part of the heterotrimeric G-protein complex involved in signal transduction.
+* [[E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase CUL4A]], which is part of the ubiquitin-proteasome system that regulates protein degradation.
+== Related pages ==
+* [[Protein structure]]
 * [[Signal transduction]]
-* [[Cell cycle]]
+* [[RNA processing]]
-* [[RNA splicing]]
+* [[Cytoskeleton]]
-* [[Histone modification]]
 [[Category:Protein domains]]
+[[Category:Protein structure]]
-{{Template:Protein}}
-{{Template:Molecular and Cellular Biology}}
-{{medicine-stub}}