Ty21a: Difference between revisions
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== Ty21a Vaccine == | |||
[[File:Vivotif-typhoid-live-oral-vaccine.JPG|thumb|right|Ty21a oral vaccine blister pack]] | |||
The '''Ty21a vaccine''' is an oral [[vaccine]] used to prevent [[typhoid fever]], a disease caused by the bacterium ''[[Salmonella enterica]]'' serotype [[Typhi]]. It is one of the two main types of typhoid vaccines, the other being the [[Vi capsular polysaccharide vaccine]]. | |||
The | |||
== | == Development == | ||
The Ty21a vaccine was developed in the 1970s and 1980s as a live attenuated vaccine. It was designed to provide immunity by mimicking a natural infection without causing the disease. The vaccine strain, Ty21a, is a mutant of ''Salmonella Typhi'' that lacks the ability to produce certain enzymes necessary for its virulence. | |||
The vaccine | |||
== | == Administration == | ||
==Safety== | The Ty21a vaccine is administered orally in the form of enteric-coated capsules. The standard regimen consists of three to four doses taken on alternate days. It is recommended for travelers to areas where typhoid fever is endemic, as well as for people living in such areas. | ||
Ty21a is | |||
== Mechanism of Action == | |||
The vaccine works by stimulating the body's [[immune system]] to recognize and fight the ''Salmonella Typhi'' bacterium. Upon ingestion, the attenuated bacteria in the vaccine colonize the gut, prompting an immune response that includes the production of [[antibodies]] and activation of [[T cells]]. | |||
== Efficacy == | |||
The Ty21a vaccine has been shown to provide moderate protection against typhoid fever. Its efficacy varies depending on the population and the level of exposure to the bacterium. Protection typically lasts for about five years, after which a booster dose may be required. | |||
== Safety == | |||
The Ty21a vaccine is generally well-tolerated. Common side effects include mild gastrointestinal symptoms such as nausea and abdominal discomfort. Serious adverse reactions are rare. | |||
== Related Pages == | |||
* [[Typhoid fever]] | * [[Typhoid fever]] | ||
* [[Salmonella enterica]] | * [[Salmonella enterica]] | ||
* [[Vi capsular polysaccharide vaccine]] | |||
* [[Vaccination]] | * [[Vaccination]] | ||
[[Category:Vaccines]] | [[Category:Vaccines]] | ||
[[Category:Typhoid fever]] | [[Category:Typhoid fever]] | ||
Latest revision as of 05:40, 16 February 2025
Ty21a Vaccine[edit]
The Ty21a vaccine is an oral vaccine used to prevent typhoid fever, a disease caused by the bacterium Salmonella enterica serotype Typhi. It is one of the two main types of typhoid vaccines, the other being the Vi capsular polysaccharide vaccine.
Development[edit]
The Ty21a vaccine was developed in the 1970s and 1980s as a live attenuated vaccine. It was designed to provide immunity by mimicking a natural infection without causing the disease. The vaccine strain, Ty21a, is a mutant of Salmonella Typhi that lacks the ability to produce certain enzymes necessary for its virulence.
Administration[edit]
The Ty21a vaccine is administered orally in the form of enteric-coated capsules. The standard regimen consists of three to four doses taken on alternate days. It is recommended for travelers to areas where typhoid fever is endemic, as well as for people living in such areas.
Mechanism of Action[edit]
The vaccine works by stimulating the body's immune system to recognize and fight the Salmonella Typhi bacterium. Upon ingestion, the attenuated bacteria in the vaccine colonize the gut, prompting an immune response that includes the production of antibodies and activation of T cells.
Efficacy[edit]
The Ty21a vaccine has been shown to provide moderate protection against typhoid fever. Its efficacy varies depending on the population and the level of exposure to the bacterium. Protection typically lasts for about five years, after which a booster dose may be required.
Safety[edit]
The Ty21a vaccine is generally well-tolerated. Common side effects include mild gastrointestinal symptoms such as nausea and abdominal discomfort. Serious adverse reactions are rare.
