Botryosphaeria ribis: Difference between revisions

Latest revision as of 05:22, 16 February 2025

Botryosphaeria ribis[edit]

Botryosphaeria ribis is a species of fungus in the family Botryosphaeriaceae. It is known for causing canker diseases in a variety of woody plants. This pathogen is of significant concern in horticulture and forestry due to its ability to infect and damage a wide range of host species.

Description[edit]

Botryosphaeria ribis is characterized by its production of pycnidia, which are asexual fruiting bodies that appear as small, black, pimple-like structures on the surface of infected plant tissues. The conidia produced within these pycnidia are hyaline, unicellular, and ellipsoid in shape. The sexual stage of the fungus produces ascospores within asci contained in perithecia.

Host Range[edit]

This pathogen has a broad host range, affecting numerous species of trees and shrubs. Some of the most commonly affected hosts include:

Apple (Malus domestica)
Grape (Vitis vinifera)
Eucalyptus
Maple (Acer spp.)
Pine (Pinus spp.)

Symptoms[edit]

Infected plants typically exhibit symptoms such as:

Canker formation on stems and branches
Dieback of shoots and branches
Leaf chlorosis and premature leaf drop
Fruit rot in some host species

The cankers are often sunken and may girdle branches, leading to dieback and potentially the death of the plant if the infection is severe.

Disease Cycle[edit]

The disease cycle of Botryosphaeria ribis involves both asexual and sexual reproduction. The fungus overwinters in infected plant tissues, and in the spring, conidia are dispersed by rain and wind to new hosts. Infection occurs through wounds or natural openings in the plant. The sexual stage, although less common, can also contribute to the spread of the pathogen.

Management[edit]

Management of Botryosphaeria ribis involves a combination of cultural practices and chemical controls:

Pruning and removal of infected plant material to reduce inoculum sources
Avoiding wounding of plants, especially during wet conditions
Application of fungicides to protect susceptible plants, particularly during periods of high risk

Related Pages[edit]

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-'''Botryosphaeria ribis''' is a species of [[fungus]] in the family [[Botryosphaeriaceae]]. It is a plant pathogen that affects a wide range of host plants, causing diseases such as [[dieback]], [[canker]], and [[fruit rot]].
+== Botryosphaeria ribis ==
-== Taxonomy ==
+[[File:Botryosphaeria_canker.jpg|thumb|right|Botryosphaeria canker on a tree branch]]
-The species was first described in 1913 by [[George Edward Massee]], a British mycologist. It belongs to the genus ''[[Botryosphaeria]]'', which comprises over 18 species of fungi. The specific epithet ''ribis'' refers to the genus ''[[Ribes]]'', as the fungus was first isolated from currant plants in this genus.
+'''Botryosphaeria ribis''' is a species of fungus in the family [[Botryosphaeriaceae]]. It is known for causing [[canker]] diseases in a variety of woody plants. This pathogen is of significant concern in [[horticulture]] and [[forestry]] due to its ability to infect and damage a wide range of host species.
-== Description ==
+=== Description ===
-''Botryosphaeria ribis'' is characterized by its dark, globose [[ascocarps]] and elongated, hyaline [[ascospores]]. The fungus produces [[conidia]] in a separate, asexual stage known as the [[anamorph]], which is referred to as ''[[Diplodia]]''.
+Botryosphaeria ribis is characterized by its production of [[pycnidia]], which are asexual fruiting bodies that appear as small, black, pimple-like structures on the surface of infected plant tissues. The [[conidia]] produced within these pycnidia are hyaline, unicellular, and ellipsoid in shape. The sexual stage of the fungus produces [[ascospores]] within [[asci]] contained in [[perithecia]].
-== Pathogenicity ==
+=== Host Range ===
-''Botryosphaeria ribis'' is a significant plant pathogen. It infects a wide range of host plants, including fruit trees such as apple, pear, and peach, as well as ornamental plants and forest trees. The fungus enters the plant through wounds or natural openings and causes diseases such as dieback, canker, and fruit rot.
+This pathogen has a broad host range, affecting numerous species of [[trees]] and [[shrubs]]. Some of the most commonly affected hosts include:
-== Management ==
+* [[Apple]] (''Malus domestica'')
+* [[Grape]] (''Vitis vinifera'')
+* [[Eucalyptus]]
+* [[Maple]] (''Acer'' spp.)
+* [[Pine]] (''Pinus'' spp.)
-Management of ''Botryosphaeria ribis'' involves a combination of cultural practices, chemical control, and biological control. Cultural practices include pruning and removal of infected plant material, while chemical control involves the use of [[fungicides]]. Biological control with antagonistic microorganisms is also being explored as a sustainable management strategy.
+=== Symptoms ===
-== See also ==
+Infected plants typically exhibit symptoms such as:
-* [[List of Botryosphaeria species]]
+* [[Canker]] formation on stems and branches
-* [[Plant pathology]]
+* [[Dieback]] of shoots and branches
+* [[Leaf]] [[chlorosis]] and premature leaf drop
+* [[Fruit]] rot in some host species
+The cankers are often sunken and may girdle branches, leading to dieback and potentially the death of the plant if the infection is severe.
+=== Disease Cycle ===
+The disease cycle of Botryosphaeria ribis involves both asexual and sexual reproduction. The fungus overwinters in infected plant tissues, and in the spring, conidia are dispersed by [[rain]] and [[wind]] to new hosts. Infection occurs through wounds or natural openings in the plant. The sexual stage, although less common, can also contribute to the spread of the pathogen.
+=== Management ===
+Management of Botryosphaeria ribis involves a combination of cultural practices and chemical controls:
+* Pruning and removal of infected plant material to reduce inoculum sources
+* Avoiding wounding of plants, especially during wet conditions
+* Application of fungicides to protect susceptible plants, particularly during periods of high risk
+== Related Pages ==
+* [[Canker]]
+* [[Fungal plant pathogens]]
+* [[Plant disease management]]
-[[Category:Fungi]]
-[[Category:Plant pathogens and diseases]]
 [[Category:Botryosphaeriaceae]]
-{{Fungus-stub}}
+[[Category:Fungal plant pathogens and diseases]]
-{{Plant-pathogen-stub}}
+[[Category:Forestry]]
-{{food-stub}}
-{{No image}}