DMH-11 Mustard: Difference between revisions

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== DMH-11 Mustard ==
== DMH-11 Mustard ==
{{Infobox Chemical
| Name = DMH-11 Mustard
| Image =
| Caption =
| IUPACName = 1,1'-[(2-chloroethyl)sulfanediyl]bis(2-chloroethane)
| OtherNames = Bis(2-chloroethyl)sulfide, Sulfur mustard, Mustard gas
| Formula = C4H8Cl2S
| MolarMass = 159.07 g/mol
| Density = 1.27 g/cm³
| MeltingPoint = -57 °C
| BoilingPoint = 217 °C
| Solubility = Insoluble in water
}}


'''DMH-11 Mustard''', also known as '''Bis(2-chloroethyl)sulfide''', '''Sulfur mustard''', or '''Mustard gas''', is a chemical compound with the molecular formula C4H8Cl2S. It is a powerful vesicant and alkylating agent that has been used as a chemical weapon due to its toxic and blistering effects on the skin, eyes, and respiratory system.
[[File:Mustard_plant.jpg|thumb|right|A mustard plant in bloom]]


== Properties ==
'''DMH-11 Mustard''' is a genetically modified variety of mustard developed to increase yield and improve resistance to certain environmental stresses. This variety has been a subject of extensive research and debate due to its potential impact on agriculture and the environment.
DMH-11 Mustard is a colorless to pale yellow liquid with a density of 1.27 g/cm³. It has a melting point of -57 °C and a boiling point of 217 °C. It is insoluble in water but soluble in organic solvents such as ethanol and chloroform.


== Synthesis ==
== Development ==
DMH-11 Mustard can be synthesized through the reaction of 2-chloroethanol with thionyl chloride, followed by the addition of sulfur:


{{ChemicalReaction
DMH-11 Mustard was developed by a team of scientists aiming to enhance the productivity of mustard crops. The genetic modification involves the introduction of specific genes that allow the plant to better withstand pests and diseases, as well as to thrive in less-than-ideal soil conditions.
| reactants = 2-chloroethanol + thionyl chloride + sulfur
| products = DMH-11 Mustard + hydrogen chloride
}}


== Toxicity ==
== Genetic Modification ==
DMH-11 Mustard is highly toxic and can cause severe damage to the skin, eyes, and respiratory system. It acts as a vesicant, causing blistering and burns on contact with the skin. Inhalation of the vapor or aerosolized form can lead to respiratory distress, lung damage, and even death. It is also a potent carcinogen and mutagen, with long-term exposure increasing the risk of cancer and genetic abnormalities.


== Medical Uses ==
The genetic modification in DMH-11 Mustard involves the insertion of genes that confer resistance to certain herbicides, allowing farmers to control weeds more effectively without harming the crop. This modification is achieved through [[recombinant DNA technology]], which involves the combination of DNA from different organisms.
Despite its toxic nature, DMH-11 Mustard has been used in medical research and treatment. It has been studied for its potential use in cancer therapy, particularly in the treatment of certain types of tumors. Its alkylating properties allow it to interfere with DNA replication and cell division, making it a potential tool in targeted cancer treatments.


== Safety Precautions ==
== Agricultural Benefits ==
Due to its extreme toxicity, handling and storage of DMH-11 Mustard should only be done by trained professionals in a controlled laboratory setting. Protective clothing, including gloves, goggles, and respiratory protection, should be worn when working with this compound. Proper ventilation and containment measures should be in place to prevent exposure to the surrounding environment.


== See Also ==
[[File:Mustard_plant.jpg|thumb|left|Close-up of mustard flowers]]
* [[Chemical Weapon]]
* [[Vesicant]]
* [[Alkylating Agent]]


== References ==
The primary benefit of DMH-11 Mustard is its potential to significantly increase mustard yield. This is particularly important in regions where mustard is a staple crop and a key source of [[edible oil]]. The increased yield can help meet the growing demand for mustard oil and reduce dependency on imports.
{{Reflist}}


[[Category:Chemical Compounds]]
== Environmental Concerns ==
[[Category:Chemical Weapons]]
 
[[Category:Toxic Substances]]
There are concerns about the environmental impact of cultivating genetically modified crops like DMH-11 Mustard. Critics argue that the widespread use of herbicide-resistant crops could lead to increased herbicide use, which may harm non-target plant species and lead to the development of herbicide-resistant weeds.
 
== Regulatory Status ==
 
The approval and cultivation of DMH-11 Mustard are subject to regulatory review by various governmental bodies. These reviews assess the safety and environmental impact of the genetically modified crop before it can be commercially released.
 
== Related Pages ==
 
* [[Genetically modified organism]]
* [[Mustard plant]]
* [[Herbicide resistance]]
* [[Agricultural biotechnology]]
 
[[Category:Genetically modified organisms]]
[[Category:Agricultural biotechnology]]

Latest revision as of 11:52, 15 February 2025

DMH-11 Mustard[edit]

A mustard plant in bloom

DMH-11 Mustard is a genetically modified variety of mustard developed to increase yield and improve resistance to certain environmental stresses. This variety has been a subject of extensive research and debate due to its potential impact on agriculture and the environment.

Development[edit]

DMH-11 Mustard was developed by a team of scientists aiming to enhance the productivity of mustard crops. The genetic modification involves the introduction of specific genes that allow the plant to better withstand pests and diseases, as well as to thrive in less-than-ideal soil conditions.

Genetic Modification[edit]

The genetic modification in DMH-11 Mustard involves the insertion of genes that confer resistance to certain herbicides, allowing farmers to control weeds more effectively without harming the crop. This modification is achieved through recombinant DNA technology, which involves the combination of DNA from different organisms.

Agricultural Benefits[edit]

Close-up of mustard flowers

The primary benefit of DMH-11 Mustard is its potential to significantly increase mustard yield. This is particularly important in regions where mustard is a staple crop and a key source of edible oil. The increased yield can help meet the growing demand for mustard oil and reduce dependency on imports.

Environmental Concerns[edit]

There are concerns about the environmental impact of cultivating genetically modified crops like DMH-11 Mustard. Critics argue that the widespread use of herbicide-resistant crops could lead to increased herbicide use, which may harm non-target plant species and lead to the development of herbicide-resistant weeds.

Regulatory Status[edit]

The approval and cultivation of DMH-11 Mustard are subject to regulatory review by various governmental bodies. These reviews assess the safety and environmental impact of the genetically modified crop before it can be commercially released.

Related Pages[edit]

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