U-90042: Difference between revisions
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{{DISPLAYTITLE:Structure of the Human Heart}} | |||
==Structure of the Human Heart== | |||
[[File:U-90042_Structure.svg|thumb|right|Diagram of the human heart structure]] | |||
The human heart is a muscular organ responsible for pumping blood through the [[circulatory system]]. It is located in the [[thoracic cavity]], between the lungs, and is roughly the size of a fist. The heart is composed of four chambers: two upper chambers called the [[atrium|atria]] and two lower chambers called the [[ventricle|ventricles]]. | |||
== | ===Chambers of the Heart=== | ||
The heart's four chambers are crucial for its function: | |||
The | |||
* '''Right Atrium''': Receives deoxygenated blood from the body through the [[superior vena cava]] and [[inferior vena cava]]. | |||
* '''Right Ventricle''': Pumps deoxygenated blood to the lungs via the [[pulmonary artery]]. | |||
* '''Left Atrium''': Receives oxygenated blood from the lungs through the [[pulmonary veins]]. | |||
* '''Left Ventricle''': Pumps oxygenated blood to the rest of the body through the [[aorta]]. | |||
===Valves of the Heart=== | |||
The heart contains four main [[heart valve|valves]] that ensure unidirectional blood flow: | |||
* '''Tricuspid Valve''': Located between the right atrium and right ventricle. | |||
* | * '''Pulmonary Valve''': Located between the right ventricle and the pulmonary artery. | ||
* | * '''Mitral Valve''': Located between the left atrium and left ventricle. | ||
* | * '''Aortic Valve''': Located between the left ventricle and the aorta. | ||
== | ===Heart Wall=== | ||
The heart wall consists of three layers: | |||
[[ | * '''Epicardium''': The outer layer, which is also part of the [[pericardium]]. | ||
[[Category: | * '''Myocardium''': The thick, muscular middle layer responsible for the heart's contractile function. | ||
[[Category: | * '''Endocardium''': The inner layer that lines the heart chambers and valves. | ||
===Conduction System=== | |||
The heart's [[electrical conduction system]] controls the heartbeat: | |||
* '''Sinoatrial Node (SA Node)''': The natural pacemaker of the heart, located in the right atrium. | |||
* '''Atrioventricular Node (AV Node)''': Relays electrical impulses from the atria to the ventricles. | |||
* '''Bundle of His''': Transmits impulses from the AV node to the ventricles. | |||
* '''Purkinje Fibers''': Distribute the electrical impulse throughout the ventricles. | |||
==Function== | |||
The primary function of the heart is to maintain [[blood circulation]] throughout the body. It achieves this by: | |||
* Pumping deoxygenated blood to the lungs for oxygenation. | |||
* Pumping oxygenated blood to the tissues and organs. | |||
==Related pages== | |||
* [[Cardiovascular system]] | |||
* [[Blood pressure]] | |||
* [[Heart disease]] | |||
* [[Electrocardiography]] | |||
[[Category:Cardiology]] | |||
[[Category:Anatomy]] | |||
Latest revision as of 10:52, 15 February 2025
Structure of the Human Heart[edit]

The human heart is a muscular organ responsible for pumping blood through the circulatory system. It is located in the thoracic cavity, between the lungs, and is roughly the size of a fist. The heart is composed of four chambers: two upper chambers called the atria and two lower chambers called the ventricles.
Chambers of the Heart[edit]
The heart's four chambers are crucial for its function:
- Right Atrium: Receives deoxygenated blood from the body through the superior vena cava and inferior vena cava.
- Right Ventricle: Pumps deoxygenated blood to the lungs via the pulmonary artery.
- Left Atrium: Receives oxygenated blood from the lungs through the pulmonary veins.
- Left Ventricle: Pumps oxygenated blood to the rest of the body through the aorta.
Valves of the Heart[edit]
The heart contains four main valves that ensure unidirectional blood flow:
- Tricuspid Valve: Located between the right atrium and right ventricle.
- Pulmonary Valve: Located between the right ventricle and the pulmonary artery.
- Mitral Valve: Located between the left atrium and left ventricle.
- Aortic Valve: Located between the left ventricle and the aorta.
Heart Wall[edit]
The heart wall consists of three layers:
- Epicardium: The outer layer, which is also part of the pericardium.
- Myocardium: The thick, muscular middle layer responsible for the heart's contractile function.
- Endocardium: The inner layer that lines the heart chambers and valves.
Conduction System[edit]
The heart's electrical conduction system controls the heartbeat:
- Sinoatrial Node (SA Node): The natural pacemaker of the heart, located in the right atrium.
- Atrioventricular Node (AV Node): Relays electrical impulses from the atria to the ventricles.
- Bundle of His: Transmits impulses from the AV node to the ventricles.
- Purkinje Fibers: Distribute the electrical impulse throughout the ventricles.
Function[edit]
The primary function of the heart is to maintain blood circulation throughout the body. It achieves this by:
- Pumping deoxygenated blood to the lungs for oxygenation.
- Pumping oxygenated blood to the tissues and organs.