JD5037: Difference between revisions

Latest revision as of 04:04, 13 February 2025

Skeletal System[edit]

The skeletal system is the framework of bones and cartilage that supports and protects the body of an organism. In humans, the skeletal system is composed of 206 bones in the adult body, which are organized into two main divisions: the axial skeleton and the appendicular skeleton.

Functions[edit]

The skeletal system serves several vital functions:

Support: It provides a rigid framework that supports the body and cradles soft organs.
Protection: It protects vital organs, such as the brain, heart, and lungs.
Movement: It provides attachment points for muscles, allowing for movement.
Mineral Storage: It stores minerals, such as calcium and phosphorus, which can be released into the bloodstream as needed.
Blood Cell Production: It contains bone marrow, which produces red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets.

Structure[edit]

The skeletal system is divided into two main parts:

Axial Skeleton[edit]

The axial skeleton consists of 80 bones and includes the following:

Skull: Protects the brain and forms the structure of the face.
Vertebral Column: Composed of 33 vertebrae, it protects the spinal cord and supports the head.
Rib Cage: Consists of 12 pairs of ribs and the sternum, protecting the heart and lungs.

Appendicular Skeleton[edit]

The appendicular skeleton consists of 126 bones and includes the following:

Pectoral Girdle: Composed of the clavicles and scapulae, it connects the arms to the trunk.
Upper Limbs: Includes the humerus, radius, ulna, carpals, metacarpals, and phalanges.
Pelvic Girdle: Formed by the hip bones, it connects the legs to the trunk.
Lower Limbs: Includes the femur, tibia, fibula, tarsals, metatarsals, and phalanges.

Bone Types[edit]

Bones are classified into several types based on their shapes:

Long Bones: Found in the arms and legs, they are longer than they are wide.
Short Bones: Found in the wrists and ankles, they are roughly cube-shaped.
Flat Bones: Found in the skull, ribs, and sternum, they are thin and flat.
Irregular Bones: Found in the vertebrae and some facial bones, they have complex shapes.
Sesamoid Bones: Found embedded in tendons, such as the patella.

Bone Composition[edit]

Bones are composed of several types of tissue:

Compact Bone: Dense and forms the outer layer of bone.
Spongy Bone: Lighter and found inside bones, containing red bone marrow.
Bone Marrow: Soft tissue inside bones, responsible for blood cell production.

Related Pages[edit]

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
-'''JD5037''' is a [[peripherally restricted]] [[cannabinoid-1 receptor]] (CB1R) [[inverse agonist]]. It is a novel compound that has been studied for its potential therapeutic applications in various medical conditions, including [[obesity]], [[metabolic syndrome]], and [[liver diseases]].
+== Skeletal System ==
-== Pharmacology ==
+[[File:JD5037_skeletal.png|thumb|right|Diagram of the human skeletal system]]
-JD5037 is a peripherally restricted CB1R inverse agonist. This means it binds to the CB1R and induces a response opposite to that of an [[agonist]]. It does not cross the [[blood-brain barrier]], which limits its effects to peripheral tissues. This is a significant advantage over other CB1R inverse agonists, as it reduces the risk of central nervous system side effects.
+The '''skeletal system''' is the framework of bones and cartilage that supports and protects the body of an organism. In humans, the skeletal system is composed of 206 bones in the adult body, which are organized into two main divisions: the [[axial skeleton]] and the [[appendicular skeleton]].
-== Therapeutic Applications ==
+== Functions ==
-=== Obesity ===
+The skeletal system serves several vital functions:
-JD5037 has been studied for its potential use in the treatment of obesity. It has been shown to reduce food intake and body weight in diet-induced obese mice. This is thought to be due to its ability to enhance [[leptin]] sensitivity and reduce [[lipogenesis]] in peripheral tissues.
+* '''Support''': It provides a rigid framework that supports the body and cradles soft organs.
+* '''Protection''': It protects vital organs, such as the brain, heart, and lungs.
+* '''Movement''': It provides attachment points for muscles, allowing for movement.
+* '''Mineral Storage''': It stores minerals, such as calcium and phosphorus, which can be released into the bloodstream as needed.
+* '''Blood Cell Production''': It contains bone marrow, which produces [[red blood cells]], [[white blood cells]], and [[platelets]].
-=== Metabolic Syndrome ===
+== Structure ==
-JD5037 may also have potential in the treatment of metabolic syndrome. Studies have shown that it can improve [[insulin sensitivity]], reduce [[hyperglycemia]], and decrease [[triglyceride]] levels in diet-induced obese mice.
+The skeletal system is divided into two main parts:
-=== Liver Diseases ===
+=== Axial Skeleton ===
-The potential therapeutic applications of JD5037 extend to liver diseases as well. It has been shown to reduce liver inflammation and fibrosis in mouse models of [[non-alcoholic steatohepatitis]] (NASH).
+The [[axial skeleton]] consists of 80 bones and includes the following:
-== Safety and Tolerability ==
+* '''Skull''': Protects the brain and forms the structure of the face.
+* '''Vertebral Column''': Composed of 33 vertebrae, it protects the spinal cord and supports the head.
+* '''Rib Cage''': Consists of 12 pairs of ribs and the sternum, protecting the heart and lungs.
-JD5037 has been found to be well-tolerated in preclinical studies. Its peripheral restriction reduces the risk of central nervous system side effects, which have been a concern with other CB1R inverse agonists.
+=== Appendicular Skeleton ===
-== Future Directions ==
+The [[appendicular skeleton]] consists of 126 bones and includes the following:
-Further research is needed to fully understand the therapeutic potential of JD5037. This includes clinical trials in humans to assess its safety and efficacy in the treatment of obesity, metabolic syndrome, and liver diseases.
+* '''Pectoral Girdle''': Composed of the clavicles and scapulae, it connects the arms to the trunk.
+* '''Upper Limbs''': Includes the humerus, radius, ulna, carpals, metacarpals, and phalanges.
+* '''Pelvic Girdle''': Formed by the hip bones, it connects the legs to the trunk.
+* '''Lower Limbs''': Includes the femur, tibia, fibula, tarsals, metatarsals, and phalanges.
-== See Also ==
+== Bone Types ==
-* [[Cannabinoid receptor]]
+[[File:JD5037_skeletal.png|thumb|left|Different types of bones in the human body]]
-* [[Inverse agonist]]
-* [[Obesity]]
-* [[Metabolic syndrome]]
-* [[Liver diseases]]
-== References ==
+Bones are classified into several types based on their shapes:
-{{reflist}}
+* '''Long Bones''': Found in the arms and legs, they are longer than they are wide.
+* '''Short Bones''': Found in the wrists and ankles, they are roughly cube-shaped.
+* '''Flat Bones''': Found in the skull, ribs, and sternum, they are thin and flat.
+* '''Irregular Bones''': Found in the vertebrae and some facial bones, they have complex shapes.
+* '''Sesamoid Bones''': Found embedded in tendons, such as the patella.
-[[Category:Pharmacology]]
+== Bone Composition ==
-[[Category:Obesity]]
-[[Category:Metabolic disorders]]
+Bones are composed of several types of tissue:
-[[Category:Liver diseases]]
-{{pharmacology-stub}}
+* '''Compact Bone''': Dense and forms the outer layer of bone.
+* '''Spongy Bone''': Lighter and found inside bones, containing red bone marrow.
+* '''Bone Marrow''': Soft tissue inside bones, responsible for blood cell production.
+== Related Pages ==
+* [[Muscular system]]
+* [[Nervous system]]
+* [[Circulatory system]]
+* [[Endocrine system]]
+[[Category:Human anatomy]]
+[[Category:Skeletal system]]