ANGPTL4: Difference between revisions

Latest revision as of 03:34, 13 February 2025

Overview of ANGPTL4[edit]

ANGPTL4 (Angiopoietin-like 4) is a protein that plays a significant role in lipid metabolism, energy homeostasis, and inflammation. It is a member of the angiopoietin-like protein family, which is known for its involvement in various physiological processes, including angiogenesis, lipid metabolism, and glucose homeostasis.

Structure[edit]

ANGPTL4 is a glycoprotein that consists of several distinct domains, including a coiled-coil domain and a fibrinogen-like domain. These domains are crucial for its function and interaction with other molecules. The protein is secreted as a full-length molecule and can be cleaved into N-terminal and C-terminal fragments, each having distinct biological activities.

Function[edit]

ANGPTL4 is primarily involved in the regulation of lipid metabolism. It inhibits the activity of lipoprotein lipase (LPL), an enzyme critical for the hydrolysis of triglycerides in lipoproteins. By inhibiting LPL, ANGPTL4 increases plasma triglyceride levels and influences the distribution of lipids in the body.

In addition to its role in lipid metabolism, ANGPTL4 is also involved in energy homeostasis and inflammation. It is expressed in various tissues, including the liver, adipose tissue, and muscle, and its expression is regulated by nutritional and hormonal signals.

Clinical Significance[edit]

ANGPTL4 has been implicated in several metabolic disorders, including hyperlipidemia, obesity, and type 2 diabetes. Its role in inhibiting lipoprotein lipase makes it a potential target for therapeutic interventions aimed at lowering plasma triglyceride levels and improving lipid profiles in patients with metabolic syndrome.

Furthermore, ANGPTL4 has been studied for its role in cancer and cardiovascular disease. Its ability to modulate angiogenesis and inflammation suggests that it may have broader implications in disease pathogenesis beyond metabolic disorders.

Related Pages[edit]

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-{{Short description|Overview of the ANGPTL4 protein}}
+== Overview of ANGPTL4 ==
-{{DISPLAYTITLE:ANGPTL4}}
-==Overview==
+[[File:Overview_ANGPTL4.png|thumb|right|Diagram illustrating the structure and function of ANGPTL4]]
-[[ANGPTL4]] (Angiopoietin-like 4) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''ANGPTL4'' gene. It is a member of the [[angiopoietin-like protein]] family, which is involved in various physiological processes including lipid metabolism, glucose homeostasis, and angiogenesis.
-==Structure==
+'''ANGPTL4''' (Angiopoietin-like 4) is a protein that plays a significant role in lipid metabolism, energy homeostasis, and inflammation. It is a member of the [[angiopoietin-like protein]] family, which is known for its involvement in various physiological processes, including [[angiogenesis]], lipid metabolism, and glucose homeostasis.
-ANGPTL4 is a secreted glycoprotein that consists of an N-terminal coiled-coil domain and a C-terminal fibrinogen-like domain. The protein undergoes proteolytic cleavage, resulting in the separation of these two domains, which can function independently.
-==Function==
+== Structure ==
-ANGPTL4 plays a crucial role in the regulation of [[lipid metabolism]]. It inhibits [[lipoprotein lipase]] (LPL), an enzyme responsible for the hydrolysis of triglycerides in lipoproteins, thereby modulating the levels of circulating triglycerides. ANGPTL4 is also involved in the regulation of [[glucose homeostasis]] and has been implicated in the development of [[insulin resistance]].
-===Role in Angiogenesis===
+ANGPTL4 is a glycoprotein that consists of several distinct domains, including a coiled-coil domain and a fibrinogen-like domain. These domains are crucial for its function and interaction with other molecules. The protein is secreted as a full-length molecule and can be cleaved into N-terminal and C-terminal fragments, each having distinct biological activities.
-In addition to its metabolic functions, ANGPTL4 is involved in the regulation of [[angiogenesis]], the process of new blood vessel formation. It can act as both a pro-angiogenic and anti-angiogenic factor depending on the context, influencing tumor growth and metastasis.
-==Clinical Significance==
+== Function ==
-Alterations in ANGPTL4 expression and function have been associated with various metabolic disorders, including [[hyperlipidemia]], [[obesity]], and [[type 2 diabetes]]. It is also being studied for its potential role in [[cancer]] progression and as a therapeutic target for metabolic and cardiovascular diseases.
-==Regulation==
+ANGPTL4 is primarily involved in the regulation of [[lipid metabolism]]. It inhibits the activity of [[lipoprotein lipase]] (LPL), an enzyme critical for the hydrolysis of triglycerides in lipoproteins. By inhibiting LPL, ANGPTL4 increases plasma triglyceride levels and influences the distribution of lipids in the body.
-The expression of ANGPTL4 is regulated by several factors, including [[peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors]] (PPARs), [[hypoxia]], and [[fasting]]. These factors influence its expression in different tissues, such as the liver, adipose tissue, and muscle.
-==Research Directions==
+In addition to its role in lipid metabolism, ANGPTL4 is also involved in [[energy homeostasis]] and [[inflammation]]. It is expressed in various tissues, including the [[liver]], [[adipose tissue]], and [[muscle]], and its expression is regulated by nutritional and hormonal signals.
-Ongoing research is focused on understanding the precise mechanisms by which ANGPTL4 regulates lipid and glucose metabolism, as well as its role in disease states. There is also interest in developing therapeutic agents that target ANGPTL4 for the treatment of metabolic and cardiovascular diseases.
+== Clinical Significance ==
+ANGPTL4 has been implicated in several metabolic disorders, including [[hyperlipidemia]], [[obesity]], and [[type 2 diabetes]]. Its role in inhibiting lipoprotein lipase makes it a potential target for therapeutic interventions aimed at lowering plasma triglyceride levels and improving lipid profiles in patients with metabolic syndrome.
+Furthermore, ANGPTL4 has been studied for its role in [[cancer]] and [[cardiovascular disease]]. Its ability to modulate angiogenesis and inflammation suggests that it may have broader implications in disease pathogenesis beyond metabolic disorders.
+== Related Pages ==
-==Related pages==
 * [[Lipoprotein lipase]]
+* [[Lipid metabolism]]
 * [[Angiogenesis]]
 * [[Metabolic syndrome]]
-* [[Insulin resistance]]
-==Gallery==
-<gallery>
-File:Overview_ANGPTL4.png|Diagram of ANGPTL4 structure and function
-</gallery>
 [[Category:Proteins]]
-[[Category:Human genes]]
 [[Category:Metabolism]]
+[[Category:Human proteins]]