YK-11: Difference between revisions

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'''Waddell's Triad''' is a medical term that refers to the three typical injuries sustained by a pedestrian, usually a child, struck by a vehicle. The triad consists of injuries to the head, torso, and lower extremities.
{{DISPLAYTITLE:YK-11}}


== Overview ==
== Overview ==
[[File:YK-11.svg|thumb|right|Chemical structure of YK-11]]
'''YK-11''' is a synthetic [[steroid]]al [[Selective Androgen Receptor Modulator|selective androgen receptor modulator]] (SARM) that has been studied for its potential effects on muscle growth and bone health. It is known for its unique ability to act as a partial agonist of the androgen receptor, which distinguishes it from other SARMs.


[[Waddell's Triad]] was first described by Dr. Arthur Waddell in the 1960s. It is a pattern of injury seen in pedestrians, especially children, who are struck by motor vehicles. The triad includes:
== Mechanism of Action ==
YK-11 binds to the [[androgen receptor]] (AR) in a manner similar to other SARMs, but it also induces the expression of [[follistatin]], a protein that inhibits [[myostatin]]. Myostatin is a negative regulator of muscle growth, and by inhibiting it, YK-11 may promote increased muscle mass. This dual action makes YK-11 a compound of interest in the field of muscle wasting and osteoporosis research.


# Injury to the side of the body that was impacted by the vehicle
== Potential Benefits ==
# Injury to the head or torso from the body being thrown and striking the ground or another object
The potential benefits of YK-11 include:
# Injury to the lower extremities as the body is projected over the vehicle
* '''Muscle Growth''': By inhibiting myostatin, YK-11 may enhance muscle hypertrophy and strength.
* '''Bone Health''': YK-11 may contribute to bone density improvement, which is beneficial in conditions like [[osteoporosis]].


== Injuries ==
== Side Effects ==
As with many experimental compounds, the side effects of YK-11 are not fully understood. Potential side effects may include:
* '''Hormonal Imbalance''': As a steroidal SARM, YK-11 may affect endogenous hormone levels, potentially leading to [[testosterone]] suppression.
* '''Liver Toxicity''': There is a concern about liver toxicity with prolonged use, as with many oral steroids.


=== Injury to the side of the body ===
== Research and Development ==
Research on YK-11 is still in the early stages, with most studies being conducted in vitro or in animal models. Human clinical trials are necessary to fully understand its efficacy and safety profile.


The first injury in [[Waddell's Triad]] is usually to the side of the body that was struck by the vehicle. This can result in fractures to the pelvis or lower extremities, as well as internal injuries to the organs in the abdomen or chest.
== Legal Status ==
YK-11 is not approved for human use by any major health regulatory body, such as the [[Food and Drug Administration|FDA]] or the [[European Medicines Agency|EMA]]. It is often sold as a research chemical, and its use in sports is prohibited by the [[World Anti-Doping Agency|WADA]].


=== Injury to the head or torso ===
== Related Pages ==
* [[Selective Androgen Receptor Modulator]]
* [[Androgen Receptor]]
* [[Myostatin]]
* [[Follistatin]]
* [[Osteoporosis]]


The second injury in the triad is to the head or torso. This can occur when the body is thrown and strikes the ground or another object. This can result in traumatic brain injury, spinal cord injury, or fractures to the skull, spine, ribs, or sternum.
[[Category:Selective Androgen Receptor Modulators]]
 
[[Category:Steroids]]
=== Injury to the lower extremities ===
 
The third injury in the triad is to the lower extremities as the body is projected over the vehicle. This can result in fractures to the legs or feet, or injuries to the joints, ligaments, or tendons.
 
== Treatment ==
 
Treatment for [[Waddell's Triad]] depends on the severity and location of the injuries. It may include surgery to repair fractures or internal injuries, physical therapy to restore function and mobility, and psychological counseling to help cope with the trauma of the accident.
 
== See also ==
 
* [[Trauma (medicine)]]
* [[Pedestrian safety through vehicle design]]
* [[Traffic collision]]
 
[[Category:Medical terms]]
[[Category:Injuries]]
[[Category:Trauma]]
 
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Latest revision as of 03:25, 13 February 2025


Overview[edit]

Chemical structure of YK-11

YK-11 is a synthetic steroidal selective androgen receptor modulator (SARM) that has been studied for its potential effects on muscle growth and bone health. It is known for its unique ability to act as a partial agonist of the androgen receptor, which distinguishes it from other SARMs.

Mechanism of Action[edit]

YK-11 binds to the androgen receptor (AR) in a manner similar to other SARMs, but it also induces the expression of follistatin, a protein that inhibits myostatin. Myostatin is a negative regulator of muscle growth, and by inhibiting it, YK-11 may promote increased muscle mass. This dual action makes YK-11 a compound of interest in the field of muscle wasting and osteoporosis research.

Potential Benefits[edit]

The potential benefits of YK-11 include:

  • Muscle Growth: By inhibiting myostatin, YK-11 may enhance muscle hypertrophy and strength.
  • Bone Health: YK-11 may contribute to bone density improvement, which is beneficial in conditions like osteoporosis.

Side Effects[edit]

As with many experimental compounds, the side effects of YK-11 are not fully understood. Potential side effects may include:

  • Hormonal Imbalance: As a steroidal SARM, YK-11 may affect endogenous hormone levels, potentially leading to testosterone suppression.
  • Liver Toxicity: There is a concern about liver toxicity with prolonged use, as with many oral steroids.

Research and Development[edit]

Research on YK-11 is still in the early stages, with most studies being conducted in vitro or in animal models. Human clinical trials are necessary to fully understand its efficacy and safety profile.

Legal Status[edit]

YK-11 is not approved for human use by any major health regulatory body, such as the FDA or the EMA. It is often sold as a research chemical, and its use in sports is prohibited by the WADA.

Related Pages[edit]

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