Periotic bone

Periotic bone is a bone found in the skull of mammals, specifically in the region of the ear. It is a composite bone formed from the fusion of several bones found in lower vertebrates. The periotic bone encloses the inner ear, providing physical protection and supporting its functioning.

Etymology

The term "periotic" is derived from the Greek words "peri," meaning around, and "otikos," pertaining to the ear. Thus, "periotic" essentially means "around the ear."

Structure

The periotic bone is a complex structure that varies in shape and size among different mammalian species. It is generally described as having a petrosal portion, which houses the inner ear, and a tympanic portion, which forms part of the outer ear. The periotic bone is connected to the temporal bone and the sphenoid bone.

Function

The primary function of the periotic bone is to protect the delicate structures of the inner ear. It also plays a role in the transmission of sound vibrations from the tympanic membrane (eardrum) to the inner ear. In some species, the periotic bone also has a role in maintaining balance.

Clinical significance

Damage or disease affecting the periotic bone can lead to hearing loss or balance disorders. Conditions such as otitis media (middle ear infection) or cholesteatoma (abnormal skin growth in the middle ear) can affect the periotic bone.

Related terms

• Temporal bone: The bone in the skull to which the periotic bone is attached.
• Sphenoid bone: The bone in the skull to which the periotic bone is connected.
• Otitis media: An infection of the middle ear that can affect the periotic bone.
• Cholesteatoma: An abnormal skin growth in the middle ear that can affect the periotic bone.

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