CD2

CD2 (Cluster of Differentiation 2) is a cell adhesion molecule found on the surface of T cells and natural killer (NK) cells. It has been identified as a target for immunosuppressive therapies and plays a crucial role in the immune response and T cell activation.

Structure

CD2 is a transmembrane glycoprotein that belongs to the immunoglobulin superfamily. It consists of an extracellular domain, a transmembrane domain, and a cytoplasmic tail. The extracellular domain is responsible for binding to its ligand, CD58, while the cytoplasmic tail is involved in signal transduction.

Function

CD2 plays a key role in the immune response by mediating adhesion and signal transduction in T cells and NK cells. It interacts with CD58 on antigen-presenting cells, leading to the activation of T cells and the initiation of the immune response. CD2 also plays a role in the formation of the immunological synapse, a specialized contact area between T cells and antigen-presenting cells where signal transduction occurs.

Clinical significance

Alterations in CD2 expression or function have been associated with various diseases, including autoimmune disorders and cancers. In autoimmune diseases, abnormal CD2 expression can lead to the activation of autoreactive T cells, contributing to tissue damage. In cancers, particularly lymphomas and leukemias, CD2 can be overexpressed, promoting tumor growth and survival.

Therapeutic potential

Due to its role in T cell activation, CD2 has been identified as a target for immunosuppressive therapies. Drugs that block CD2-CD58 interaction can inhibit T cell activation, potentially reducing the severity of autoimmune diseases or preventing transplant rejection.

See also:

• T cell
• Natural killer cell
• Immunoglobulin superfamily
• CD58
• Immunological synapse

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