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'''Trigeminal nerve''' is the fifth cranial nerve, also known as '''CN V'''. It is responsible for sensation in the face and motor functions such as biting and chewing. The trigeminal nerve is the largest of the cranial nerves and is the most complex. It is divided into three branches: the ophthalmic nerve (V1), the maxillary nerve (V2), and the mandibular nerve (V3).
== Trigeminal Nerve ==


== Anatomy ==
The '''trigeminal nerve''' is the fifth cranial nerve (CN V) and is responsible for sensation in the face and motor functions such as biting and chewing. It is the largest of the cranial nerves and has both sensory and motor components.
The '''trigeminal nerve''' originates from the brainstem at the level of the pons. It then travels through the skull to reach the face. The three branches of the trigeminal nerve each have a different area of the face that they are responsible for providing sensation to.


=== Ophthalmic nerve ===
=== Anatomy ===
The [[ophthalmic nerve]] (V1) is the first branch of the trigeminal nerve. It provides sensation to the upper part of the face, including the forehead, scalp, and upper eyelid.


=== Maxillary nerve ===
The trigeminal nerve originates from the brainstem, specifically from the pons. It has three major branches:
The [[maxillary nerve]] (V2) is the second branch of the trigeminal nerve. It provides sensation to the middle part of the face, including the lower eyelid, cheek, nostril, upper lip, and upper teeth.


=== Mandibular nerve ===
* The [[Ophthalmic nerve]] (V1) is purely sensory and supplies the forehead, scalp, and upper eyelids.
The [[mandibular nerve]] (V3) is the third branch of the trigeminal nerve. It provides sensation to the lower part of the face, including the lower lip, lower teeth, chin, and jaw. In addition to providing sensation, the mandibular nerve also controls the muscles of mastication.
* The [[Maxillary nerve]] (V2) is also sensory and supplies the lower eyelids, cheeks, nostrils, upper lip, and upper gum.
* The [[Mandibular nerve]] (V3) has both sensory and motor functions. It supplies the lower lip, lower gum, chin, and also controls the muscles of mastication.


== Clinical significance ==
=== Function ===
The trigeminal nerve can be affected by a variety of medical conditions. These include [[trigeminal neuralgia]], a condition characterized by severe facial pain, and [[trigeminal trophic syndrome]], a condition characterized by facial numbness and skin lesions.
 
The trigeminal nerve is primarily responsible for transmitting sensory information from the face to the brain. It also controls the muscles involved in chewing. The sensory functions include touch, pain, and temperature sensations from the face.
 
=== Clinical Significance ===
 
Disorders of the trigeminal nerve can lead to conditions such as [[trigeminal neuralgia]], which is characterized by severe facial pain. Other conditions include loss of sensation or motor function in the areas supplied by the nerve.
 
=== Related Structures ===
 
The [[trigeminal ganglion]] is a collection of nerve cell bodies of the trigeminal nerve located in the skull. It is the site where the sensory branches of the trigeminal nerve converge.
 
== Related Pages ==


== See also ==
* [[Cranial nerves]]
* [[Cranial nerves]]
* [[Trigeminal neuralgia]]
* [[Facial nerve]]
* [[Facial nerve]]
* [[Glossopharyngeal nerve]]


== References ==
== References ==
<references />


[[Category:Neurology]]
* Standring, S. (2016). Gray's Anatomy: The Anatomical Basis of Clinical Practice. 41st Edition. Elsevier.
[[Category:Anatomy]]
* "Trigeminal Nerve." Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trigeminal_nerve
[[Category:Medical terminology]]
 
== Gallery ==
 
<gallery>
File:Grant_1962_654.png|Diagram of the trigeminal nerve
File:Brain_human_normal_inferior_view_with_labels_en.svg|Inferior view of the human brain
File:Gray784.png|Anatomy of the trigeminal nerve
File:Trig_innervation.svg|Innervation areas of the trigeminal nerve
File:Sensory_Pathways_III.png|Sensory pathways of the trigeminal nerve
File:Touch_Pain_Pathways.png|Touch and pain pathways
File:Gray696_Trigeminal.svg|Trigeminal nerve anatomy
File:Onionskinddistribution.svg|Onion skin distribution of trigeminal nerve
File:Sensory_Homunculus.png|Sensory homunculus
File:Grant_1962_655.png|Trigeminal nerve branches
File:Grant_1962_656a.png|Trigeminal nerve sensory distribution
File:Grant_1962_656b.png|Trigeminal nerve motor distribution
File:Grant_1962_470.png|Trigeminal nerve in the brain
File:Gray778_Trigeminal.png|Trigeminal nerve pathways
File:Trigeminal_ganglion.jpg|Trigeminal ganglion
File:Slide2cuc.JPG|Trigeminal nerve in cross-section
</gallery>


{{stub}}
[[Category:Neuroanatomy]]

Revision as of 00:41, 10 February 2025

Trigeminal Nerve

The trigeminal nerve is the fifth cranial nerve (CN V) and is responsible for sensation in the face and motor functions such as biting and chewing. It is the largest of the cranial nerves and has both sensory and motor components.

Anatomy

The trigeminal nerve originates from the brainstem, specifically from the pons. It has three major branches:

  • The Ophthalmic nerve (V1) is purely sensory and supplies the forehead, scalp, and upper eyelids.
  • The Maxillary nerve (V2) is also sensory and supplies the lower eyelids, cheeks, nostrils, upper lip, and upper gum.
  • The Mandibular nerve (V3) has both sensory and motor functions. It supplies the lower lip, lower gum, chin, and also controls the muscles of mastication.

Function

The trigeminal nerve is primarily responsible for transmitting sensory information from the face to the brain. It also controls the muscles involved in chewing. The sensory functions include touch, pain, and temperature sensations from the face.

Clinical Significance

Disorders of the trigeminal nerve can lead to conditions such as trigeminal neuralgia, which is characterized by severe facial pain. Other conditions include loss of sensation or motor function in the areas supplied by the nerve.

Related Structures

The trigeminal ganglion is a collection of nerve cell bodies of the trigeminal nerve located in the skull. It is the site where the sensory branches of the trigeminal nerve converge.

Related Pages

References

Gallery

  • Diagram of the trigeminal nerve
    Diagram of the trigeminal nerve
  • Inferior view of the human brain
    Inferior view of the human brain
  • Anatomy of the trigeminal nerve
    Anatomy of the trigeminal nerve
  • Innervation areas of the trigeminal nerve
    Innervation areas of the trigeminal nerve
  • Sensory pathways of the trigeminal nerve
    Sensory pathways of the trigeminal nerve
  • Touch and pain pathways
    Touch and pain pathways
  • Trigeminal nerve anatomy
    Trigeminal nerve anatomy
  • Onion skin distribution of trigeminal nerve
    Onion skin distribution of trigeminal nerve
  • Sensory homunculus
    Sensory homunculus
  • Trigeminal nerve branches
    Trigeminal nerve branches
  • Trigeminal nerve sensory distribution
    Trigeminal nerve sensory distribution
  • Trigeminal nerve motor distribution
    Trigeminal nerve motor distribution
  • Trigeminal nerve in the brain
    Trigeminal nerve in the brain
  • Trigeminal nerve pathways
    Trigeminal nerve pathways
  • Trigeminal ganglion
    Trigeminal ganglion
  • Trigeminal nerve in cross-section
    Trigeminal nerve in cross-section
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