Uveitic glaucoma: Difference between revisions

Revision as of 21:00, 9 February 2025

A type of secondary glaucoma associated with uveitis

Uveitic glaucoma is a form of secondary glaucoma that occurs in association with uveitis, an inflammation of the uvea, the middle layer of the eye. This condition can lead to increased intraocular pressure (IOP) and potential damage to the optic nerve, resulting in vision loss if not properly managed.

Pathophysiology

Uveitic glaucoma arises due to the inflammatory processes associated with uveitis. Inflammation can lead to the obstruction of the trabecular meshwork, the eye's drainage system, causing an increase in intraocular pressure. Additionally, the use of corticosteroids to treat uveitis can also contribute to elevated IOP in some patients.

Symptoms

Patients with uveitic glaucoma may experience symptoms such as eye pain, redness, blurred vision, and halos around lights. These symptoms are often accompanied by those of uveitis, including photophobia and floaters.

Diagnosis

Diagnosis of uveitic glaucoma involves a comprehensive eye examination, including measurement of intraocular pressure, assessment of the optic nerve, and evaluation of the anterior chamber for signs of inflammation. The presence of hypopyon, a layer of white blood cells in the anterior chamber, can be indicative of severe inflammation.

File:Hypopyon.jpg

Hypopyon in the anterior chamber of the eye.

Management

The management of uveitic glaucoma involves controlling both the intraocular pressure and the underlying uveitis. Treatment options include topical and systemic medications to reduce inflammation and lower IOP. In some cases, surgical intervention may be necessary to manage the glaucoma effectively.

Prognosis

The prognosis for patients with uveitic glaucoma varies depending on the severity of the uveitis and the response to treatment. Early detection and appropriate management are crucial to prevent vision loss.

Related pages

References

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-'''Uveitic Glaucoma''' is a form of [[glaucoma]] that is associated with [[uveitis]], which is inflammation of the [[uvea]] or uveal tract of the eye. The uvea consists of the iris, ciliary body, and choroid. Uveitic glaucoma can develop as a complication of uveitis, leading to increased [[intraocular pressure]] (IOP) and potential damage to the [[optic nerve]], resulting in vision loss.
+{{Short description|A type of secondary glaucoma associated with uveitis}}
+{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2023}}
-==Causes and Pathophysiology==
+'''Uveitic glaucoma''' is a form of [[secondary glaucoma]] that occurs in association with [[uveitis]], an inflammation of the [[uvea]], the middle layer of the eye. This condition can lead to increased [[intraocular pressure]] (IOP) and potential damage to the [[optic nerve]], resulting in vision loss if not properly managed.
-Uveitic glaucoma is caused by the inflammatory process associated with uveitis, which can lead to alterations in the eye's aqueous humor dynamics. The mechanisms by which uveitis leads to glaucoma include:
-* Trabecular meshwork dysfunction or obstruction, caused by inflammatory cells, proteins, or debris.
+==Pathophysiology==
-* Formation of posterior synechiae (adhesions between the iris and lens), leading to pupillary block and secondary angle-closure glaucoma.
+Uveitic glaucoma arises due to the inflammatory processes associated with uveitis. Inflammation can lead to the obstruction of the [[trabecular meshwork]], the eye's drainage system, causing an increase in intraocular pressure. Additionally, the use of corticosteroids to treat uveitis can also contribute to elevated IOP in some patients.
-* Neovascularization of the iris and angle, leading to neovascular glaucoma.
-* Corticosteroid-induced glaucoma, as corticosteroids are a common treatment for uveitis but can increase IOP in susceptible individuals.
 ==Symptoms==
-Symptoms of uveitic glaucoma may include:
+Patients with uveitic glaucoma may experience symptoms such as eye pain, redness, blurred vision, and halos around lights. These symptoms are often accompanied by those of uveitis, including photophobia and floaters.
-* Blurred vision
+==Diagnosis==
-* Eye pain
+Diagnosis of uveitic glaucoma involves a comprehensive eye examination, including measurement of intraocular pressure, assessment of the optic nerve, and evaluation of the anterior chamber for signs of inflammation. The presence of [[hypopyon]], a layer of white blood cells in the anterior chamber, can be indicative of severe inflammation.
-* Redness of the eye
-* Sensitivity to light (photophobia)
-* Decreased vision
-It is important to note that symptoms of uveitic glaucoma can vary significantly among individuals, and some may not experience noticeable symptoms until the condition has progressed.
+[[File:Hypopyon.jpg|thumb|right|Hypopyon in the anterior chamber of the eye.]]
-==Diagnosis==
+==Management==
-Diagnosis of uveitic glaucoma involves a comprehensive eye examination, including:
+The management of uveitic glaucoma involves controlling both the intraocular pressure and the underlying uveitis. Treatment options include topical and systemic medications to reduce inflammation and lower IOP. In some cases, surgical intervention may be necessary to manage the glaucoma effectively.
-* Measurement of intraocular pressure (IOP)
+==Prognosis==
-* Gonioscopy to examine the drainage angle of the eye
+The prognosis for patients with uveitic glaucoma varies depending on the severity of the uveitis and the response to treatment. Early detection and appropriate management are crucial to prevent vision loss.
-* Optical coherence tomography (OCT) to assess the optic nerve and retinal nerve fiber layer
-* Visual field testing to evaluate the functional impact on vision
-==Treatment==
+==Related pages==
-Treatment of uveitic glaucoma aims to control inflammation, lower IOP, and prevent optic nerve damage. Treatment options may include:
+* [[Glaucoma]]
+* [[Uveitis]]
+* [[Intraocular pressure]]
-* Anti-inflammatory medications, such as corticosteroids or immunosuppressive agents, to control uveitis.
+==References==
-* IOP-lowering medications, such as prostaglandin analogs, beta-blockers, alpha agonists, and carbonic anhydrase inhibitors.
+{{Reflist}}
-* Laser therapy, such as laser trabeculoplasty or cyclophotocoagulation, to improve aqueous humor outflow or decrease aqueous humor production.
-* Surgical interventions, such as trabeculectomy or glaucoma drainage device implantation, in cases where medical and laser therapies are insufficient.
-==Prognosis==
+[[File:ACC Anterior Chamber Cell Grading Scale.png|thumb|right|Anterior chamber cell grading scale used in the assessment of uveitis.]]
-The prognosis for individuals with uveitic glaucoma varies depending on the severity of the condition, the underlying cause of uveitis, and the response to treatment. Early detection and prompt treatment are crucial to prevent or minimize vision loss.
-==Prevention==
-Preventing uveitic glaucoma involves controlling inflammation in individuals with uveitis and monitoring for signs of increased IOP and glaucoma development. Regular eye examinations are essential for individuals at risk of or diagnosed with uveitis.
+[[Category:Glaucoma]]
 [[Category:Eye diseases]]
-[[Category:Glaucoma]]
+[[Category:Inflammations]]
-{{Medicine-stub}}