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| {{Infobox drug
| | #REDIRECT[[Cefotiam]] |
| | name = Cefotiam hydrochloride
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| | image = Cefotiam.png
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| | width = 250
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| | alt =
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| | caption =
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| | tradename = Pansporin, others
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| | drugs.com =
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| | MedlinePlus =
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| | pregnancy_AU =
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| | pregnancy_US =
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| | legal_AU =
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| | legal_US =
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| | routes_of_administration = Intravenous, Intramuscular
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| | bioavailability =
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| | protein_bound =
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| | metabolism =
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| | elimination_half-life = 1.0–1.5 hours
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| | excretion = Renal
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| | CAS_number = 61622-34-2
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| | ATC_prefix = J01
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| | ATC_suffix = DC08
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| | PubChem = 65664
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| | DrugBank = DB01333
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| | ChemSpiderID = 59095
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| | UNII = 0T493YFU8O
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| | KEGG = D07658
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| | ChEBI = 3508
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| | ChEMBL = 1201203
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| | C=18 | H=18 | N=6 | O=4 | S=3
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| | smiles = C1C(=O)N2C(S1)C(C2=O)NC(=O)C(CSC3=NC=CS3)N4CCN(CC4)C(=O)C(=O)O
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| }}
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| '''Cefotiam hydrochloride''' is a [[beta-lactam antibiotic]] belonging to the [[cephalosporin]] class. It is used primarily for the treatment of bacterial infections and is known for its broad-spectrum activity against both [[Gram-positive bacteria|Gram-positive]] and [[Gram-negative bacteria|Gram-negative]] organisms.
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| ==Pharmacology==
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| Cefotiam hydrochloride works by inhibiting bacterial [[cell wall]] synthesis. It binds to [[penicillin-binding proteins]] (PBPs) located inside the bacterial cell wall, which are essential for the cross-linking of the [[peptidoglycan]] layer. This action results in the weakening of the cell wall and ultimately leads to cell lysis and death.
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| ===Mechanism of Action===
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| Cefotiam hydrochloride, like other cephalosporins, exerts its bactericidal effect by binding to PBPs. These proteins are involved in the final stages of assembling the bacterial cell wall and reshaping it during growth and division. By inhibiting these proteins, cefotiam disrupts the synthesis of the peptidoglycan layer, which is crucial for bacterial cell wall integrity.
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| ===Spectrum of Activity===
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| Cefotiam is effective against a wide range of bacteria, including:
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| * [[Staphylococcus aureus]] (methicillin-susceptible strains)
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| * [[Streptococcus pneumoniae]]
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| * [[Escherichia coli]]
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| * [[Klebsiella pneumoniae]]
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| * [[Proteus mirabilis]]
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| * [[Haemophilus influenzae]]
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| It is not effective against [[methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus]] (MRSA) or [[Pseudomonas aeruginosa]].
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| ==Clinical Uses==
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| Cefotiam hydrochloride is used to treat various infections, including:
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| * [[Respiratory tract infections]]
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| * [[Urinary tract infections]]
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| * [[Skin and soft tissue infections]]
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| * [[Bone and joint infections]]
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| * [[Sepsis]]
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| ==Administration and Dosage==
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| Cefotiam hydrochloride is administered either intravenously or intramuscularly. The dosage depends on the severity and type of infection, as well as the patient's renal function. Typical dosages range from 1 to 2 grams every 8 to 12 hours.
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| ==Pharmacokinetics==
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| Cefotiam has a half-life of approximately 1.0 to 1.5 hours. It is primarily excreted by the kidneys, and dose adjustments may be necessary in patients with renal impairment. | |
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| ==Adverse Effects==
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| Common adverse effects of cefotiam hydrochloride include:
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| * [[Gastrointestinal disturbances]] such as [[nausea]], [[vomiting]], and [[diarrhea]]
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| * [[Allergic reactions]], including [[rash]] and [[anaphylaxis]]
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| * [[Hematological effects]] such as [[eosinophilia]] and [[thrombocytopenia]]
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| ==Contraindications==
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| Cefotiam hydrochloride is contraindicated in patients with a known hypersensitivity to cephalosporins or any component of the formulation.
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| ==Interactions==
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| Cefotiam may interact with other medications, such as:
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| * [[Aminoglycosides]]: Increased risk of nephrotoxicity
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| * [[Probenecid]]: May increase serum levels of cefotiam
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| ==See Also==
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| * [[Cephalosporin]]
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| * [[Antibiotic]]
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| * [[Beta-lactam antibiotic]]
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| ==External Links==
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| * [https://www.drugbank.ca/drugs/DB01333 DrugBank: Cefotiam]
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| [[Category:Cephalosporin antibiotics]]
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| [[Category:Beta-lactam antibiotics]]
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| [[Category:Antibacterial drugs]]
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