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| '''Dentistry for babies''' is a branch of [[Pediatric dentistry]] related to the dental treatment provided to children from birth to around 36 months of age, aiming to maintain or re-establish a good oral health status, at the same time as it creates a positive attitude of parents and children about [[Dentistry]].<ref>{{cite journal |pmid=10826041 |year=2000 |last1=Cunha |first1=RF |last2=Delbem |first2=AC |last3=Percinoto |first3=C |last4=Saito |first4=TE |title=Dentistry for babies: A preventive protocol |volume=67 |issue=2 |pages=89–92, 82 |journal=ASDC Journal of Dentistry for Children}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |pmid=15163145 |year=2004 |last1=Cunha |first1=RF |last2=Matos |first2=JX |last3=Marfinati |first3=SM |title=Dentistry for babies: Why do parents seek dental care? |volume=28 |issue=3 |pages=193–4 |journal=The Journal of Clinical Pediatric Dentistry|doi=10.17796/jcpd.28.3.x06626w18k6688n2 }}</ref> Although concerns about dental treatment directed to babies have been reported at the beginning of the twentieth century, only recently the dental community started to focus on this area of Dentistry, due to the high [[dental caries]] (decay) prevalence observed in young children. The first setting for providing dental care exclusively to babies started in 1986, at Londrina's State University (Brazil),<ref name="bebeclinica">{{cite web|url=http://www.bebeclinica.com.br/home.aspx|title=.::Bebê Clínica|publisher=bebeclinica.com.br|accessdate=2014-04-24|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140416124717/http://www.bebeclinica.com.br/home.aspx|archive-date=2014-04-16|url-status=dead}}</ref> changing the concept from early treatment of carious lesions and their consequences to early educative-preventive attention. These concepts were disseminated through the entire country introducing new clinics with a similar philosophy such as the Baby Clinic of Araçatuba Dental School, São Paulo State University (UNESP),<ref name="unesp">{{cite web|url=http://www.foa.unesp.br/pesquisa/centrosenucleos/bebeclinica/|title=UNESP: Câmpus de Araçatuba - Faculdade de Odontologia|publisher=foa.unesp.br|accessdate=2014-04-24}}</ref> and also abroad.<ref name="dentistryforbabies">{{cite web|url=http://www.dentistryforbabies.com/|title=Dentistry for babies|publisher=dentistryforbabies.com|accessdate=2014-04-24}}</ref>
| | {{Infobox medical condition |
| [[File:Clinical session.jpg|thumb|Clinical session at the Baby Clinic, Araçatuba Dental School, Brazil]]
| | | name = Dentistry for Babies |
| | | image = |
| | | caption = |
| | | field = [[Pediatric dentistry]] |
| | | synonyms = Infant oral health |
| | | symptoms = Tooth eruption, teething discomfort |
| | | complications= Early childhood caries |
| | | onset = Infancy |
| | | duration = Varies |
| | | causes = Genetic, environmental |
| | | risks = Poor oral hygiene, sugary diet |
| | | prevention = Regular dental check-ups, proper oral hygiene |
| | | treatment = Fluoride varnish, dental sealants |
| | }} |
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| == Aims == | | ==Introduction== |
| | '''Dentistry for babies''', also known as '''infant oral health''', is a specialized field within [[pediatric dentistry]] that focuses on the oral health care of infants from birth through the early years of childhood. This period is crucial for establishing a foundation for lifelong oral health. |
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| The general aim of Dentistry for babies is to provide dental assistance to 0 – 3 year-old children, through an educative-preventive Oral Health programme directed to parents and children comprising the diagnosis, prevention, treatment and control of the most common clinical situations at this age range ([[dental caries]], [[dental trauma]], alterations of tooth development, etc.).
| | ==Importance of Early Dental Care== |
| | Early dental care is essential for several reasons: |
| | * Prevention of [[early childhood caries]] (ECC), a common and severe form of tooth decay in young children. |
| | * Establishing a dental home by the age of one, as recommended by the [[American Academy of Pediatric Dentistry]] (AAPD). |
| | * Educating parents and caregivers about proper oral hygiene practices and dietary habits. |
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| == Protocol == | | ==Tooth Development in Infants== |
| === Meetings with parents ===
| | The development of teeth in infants follows a predictable pattern: |
| | * '''Primary teeth''', also known as baby teeth, begin to erupt around six months of age. |
| | * By age three, most children have a full set of 20 primary teeth. |
| | * The process of [[tooth eruption]] can cause discomfort, commonly referred to as [[teething]]. |
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| At the Baby Clinic of Araçatuba Dental School, parents are required to enroll their babies from birth up to 6 months of age. Prior to the first clinical session, parents attend a lecture providing general information about:
| | ==Common Dental Issues in Infants== |
| * Oral health within the context of systemic health; | | Several dental issues can affect infants, including: |
| * The importance of the [[deciduous teeth]];
| | * '''Teething discomfort''': Symptoms include irritability, drooling, and a desire to chew on objects. |
| * Non-nutritive sucking habits (thumb and pacifier);
| | * '''Early childhood caries''': Often caused by prolonged exposure to sugary liquids, such as milk or juice, especially when consumed from a bottle. |
| * [[Dental trauma]]: what to do if it happens;
| | * '''Oral habits''': Such as thumb sucking or pacifier use, which can affect dental alignment. |
| * [[Dental caries]] as a disease, and the possibility of its prevention;
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| * [[Early childhood caries]]; | |
| * Caries prevention; | |
| * Professional treatment vs home care;
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| * How does the Baby Clinic work?
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| Meetings occur on a regular basis. At the end of them, parents are demonstrated how to clean the baby's mouth and how to use a fluoridated solution. Following, the baby's first appointment is booked.
| | ==Preventive Measures== |
| | Preventive dental care for infants includes: |
| | * '''Oral hygiene''': Cleaning the infant's gums with a soft cloth and brushing teeth with a small, soft-bristled toothbrush as soon as they appear. |
| | * '''Fluoride''': Use of fluoride varnish to strengthen enamel and prevent decay. |
| | * '''Dietary advice''': Limiting sugary snacks and drinks, and encouraging a balanced diet. |
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| === First appointment (comprises) === | | ==Role of Pediatric Dentists== |
| ==== ''Anamnesis'' ====
| | [[Pediatric dentists]] play a vital role in: |
| General clinical examination, which will evaluate the baby's health as a whole. If necessary, the baby is referred to professionals of other areas for further examination.
| | * Conducting the first dental visit by the age of one. |
| Determination of caries risk, by correlating information gathered through anamnesis, clinical examination, along with environmental factors.
| | * Providing guidance on oral hygiene and dietary practices. |
| # Influence of diet: night time feeding, consumption of cariogenic foods and beverages.
| | * Applying preventive treatments such as fluoride varnish and dental sealants. |
| # Influence of hygiene: presence of visible [[dental plaque]] (biofilm), presence and quality of [[oral hygiene]] procedures.
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| # Use of fluorides.
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| # Oral health status of parents (especially mother).
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| ==== ''Oral examination'' ====
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| Specific educative orientation will be directed to parents according to the needs – baby's caries risk. Caries risk must be determined in this first appointment. The type of assistance to be provided to the baby will depend on the risk.
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| * '''For low caries risk children''', the aim is to maintain the baby's of oral health. Clinical sessions include hygiene with Hydrogen peroxide (1 part of H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> + 3 parts of boiled or filtered water) and application of 0.1% [[sodium fluoride]] (NaF) solution using cotton swab. At home, parents/caregivers are instructed to keep the same dietary and hygiene habits, and apply a 0.05% NaF solution once/day with a cotton swab at night time, before the baby is put to sleep. Recalls are booked quarterly. At the first recall session, the caregiver will be asked to perform the hygiene procedures and to apply the fluoridated solution under professional supervision, in order to evaluate how skilled he/she is in performing those tasks, as well as to correct possible mistakes. If caries risk remains low, a quarterly scheme can be kept. | |
| [[File:Oral hygiene with gauze.jpg|thumb|Oral hygiene of an edentulous baby's mouth with gauze and hydrogen peroxide]]
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| [[File:Use of fluoridated solution.jpg|thumb|Application of 0.1% NaF solution with a cotton swab]]
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| * '''For high caries risk children''', the aim is to revert the baby's caries risk, as well as to increase tooth resistance. Clinical sessions include the identification and reversion of risk factors for caries – parents are oriented on how to control (either eliminating or reducing) caries risk factors. Tooth resistance will be increased by applying a 0.1% NaF solution over all tooth surfaces. At home, parents/caregivers will adopt measures for oral hygiene and diet control, as well as remove bad oral hygiene and diet habits that increase the risk of caries development. Daily application of a 0.05% NaF solution will also be recommended. Recalls can be booked every 1 or 2 months. As for low caries risk children, the caregiver will be asked to perform the hygiene procedures and to apply the fluoridated solution under professional supervision, in order to evaluate how skilled he/she is in performing those tasks, as well as to correct possible mistakes. Caries risk must be evaluated again. Parents will be evaluated on how the recommendations done in the first session are being followed, which could potentially reduce the baby's caries risk.
| | ==Conclusion== |
| | Dentistry for babies is a critical component of pediatric health care. Early intervention and education can prevent dental problems and promote a lifetime of healthy smiles. |
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| * '''For children with caries lesions''', the aims are to re-establish oral equilibrium, by eliminating or reducing causal factors, as well as by increasing tooth resistance. Four clinical sessions, with a 1-week interval, are performed, so the dentist is able to act over causal factors (instructing parents), to increase tooth resistance (hygiene with diluted H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> solution and gauze; application of [[fluoride varnish]] over white spot lesions and softened carious lesions), as well as to restore tooth cavities with [[glass ionomer cement]] (Atraumatic Restorative Treatment). At home, parents/caregivers will adopt measures for oral hygiene and diet control, as well as daily application of a 0.05% NaF solution. The first recall is booked after 1 month, when caries risk must be re-evaluated in order to determine the appropriate periodicity for recalls. At the first recall session, the caregiver will be asked to perform the hygiene procedures and to apply the fluoridated solution under professional supervision, in order to evaluate how skilled he/she is in performing those tasks, as well as to correct possible mistakes. | | ==References== |
| | * American Academy of Pediatric Dentistry. "Guideline on Infant Oral Health Care." AAPD, 2023. |
| | * National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research. "Dental Care for Children." NIDCR, 2023. |
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| ''Caries risk assessment will be performed on a regular basis regardless the initial caries risk evaluation, so changes in the protocol can be implemented whenever necessary.''
| | ==External Links== |
| | | * [https://www.aapd.org/ American Academy of Pediatric Dentistry] |
| == References == | | * [https://www.nidcr.nih.gov/ National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research] |
| {{Reflist}}
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| | {{Pediatric dentistry}} |
| [[Category:Dentistry]] | | [[Category:Dentistry]] |
| [[Category:Pediatrics]] | | [[Category:Pediatrics]] |
| | | [[Category:Infant health]] |
| {{adapted}}
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| Dentistry for Babies
|
|
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| Synonyms
|
Infant oral health
|
| Pronounce
|
N/A
|
| Specialty
|
N/A
|
| Symptoms
|
Tooth eruption, teething discomfort
|
| Complications
|
Early childhood caries
|
| Onset
|
Infancy
|
| Duration
|
Varies
|
| Types
|
N/A
|
| Causes
|
Genetic, environmental
|
| Risks
|
Poor oral hygiene, sugary diet
|
| Diagnosis
|
N/A
|
| Differential diagnosis
|
N/A
|
| Prevention
|
Regular dental check-ups, proper oral hygiene
|
| Treatment
|
Fluoride varnish, dental sealants
|
| Medication
|
N/A
|
| Prognosis
|
N/A
|
| Frequency
|
N/A
|
| Deaths
|
N/A
|
Introduction
Dentistry for babies, also known as infant oral health, is a specialized field within pediatric dentistry that focuses on the oral health care of infants from birth through the early years of childhood. This period is crucial for establishing a foundation for lifelong oral health.
Importance of Early Dental Care
Early dental care is essential for several reasons:
- Prevention of early childhood caries (ECC), a common and severe form of tooth decay in young children.
- Establishing a dental home by the age of one, as recommended by the American Academy of Pediatric Dentistry (AAPD).
- Educating parents and caregivers about proper oral hygiene practices and dietary habits.
Tooth Development in Infants
The development of teeth in infants follows a predictable pattern:
- Primary teeth, also known as baby teeth, begin to erupt around six months of age.
- By age three, most children have a full set of 20 primary teeth.
- The process of tooth eruption can cause discomfort, commonly referred to as teething.
Common Dental Issues in Infants
Several dental issues can affect infants, including:
- Teething discomfort: Symptoms include irritability, drooling, and a desire to chew on objects.
- Early childhood caries: Often caused by prolonged exposure to sugary liquids, such as milk or juice, especially when consumed from a bottle.
- Oral habits: Such as thumb sucking or pacifier use, which can affect dental alignment.
Preventive Measures
Preventive dental care for infants includes:
- Oral hygiene: Cleaning the infant's gums with a soft cloth and brushing teeth with a small, soft-bristled toothbrush as soon as they appear.
- Fluoride: Use of fluoride varnish to strengthen enamel and prevent decay.
- Dietary advice: Limiting sugary snacks and drinks, and encouraging a balanced diet.
Role of Pediatric Dentists
Pediatric dentists play a vital role in:
- Conducting the first dental visit by the age of one.
- Providing guidance on oral hygiene and dietary practices.
- Applying preventive treatments such as fluoride varnish and dental sealants.
Conclusion
Dentistry for babies is a critical component of pediatric health care. Early intervention and education can prevent dental problems and promote a lifetime of healthy smiles.
References
- American Academy of Pediatric Dentistry. "Guideline on Infant Oral Health Care." AAPD, 2023.
- National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research. "Dental Care for Children." NIDCR, 2023.
External Links
Template:Pediatric dentistry
